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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Immunol. 2013 Jan 6;25(2):214–221. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2012.12.003

Figure 2. Immunoregulatory receptors and their ligands.

Figure 2

T cell activation relies on the T cell receptor (TCR) recognizing its cognate antigen in the context of MHC molecules from an antigen presenting cell (APC) or an APC-like cell (tumor cell). Interaction between co-stimulatory molecules CD80, and CD86 and CD28 is crucial for appropriate T cell activation. Immunoregulatory receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 are to fine tune T cell activation. High levels of multiple immunoregulatory receptors (LAG-3, 2B4, CD160, KLRG1, Tim-3, CTLA-4, and CD57) or their ligands are found in the tumor microenvironment. Potent and lasting immunoregulatory signaling results in reduced T cell function and tolerance.