Table 2.
Participants’ characteristics at admission to the inpatient program (T1).
| Characteristic | Smartphone intervention (n=69)a |
Control (n=66)a |
|
| Age, mean (SD), n | 44.59 (11.13), 69 | 43.80 (11.20), 65 | |
| Marital status, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
Married or cohabiting | 42 (60.9) | 45 (68.2) |
| Divorced | 9 (13.0) | 6 (9.1) | |
| Single | 13 (18.8) | 10 (15.2) | |
| Widow | 4 (5.8) | 2 (3.0) | |
| Unknown | 1 (1.4) | 3 (4.5) | |
| Years of education, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
10 years (elementary) | 13 (18.8) | 8 (12.1) |
| 11-13 years (high school) | 19 (27.5) | 30 (45.5) | |
| >13 years (college/university) | 30 (43.5) | 23 (34.8) | |
| Unknown | 7 (10.1) | 5 (7.6) | |
| Employment status, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
Working/studying | 15 (21.7) | 8 (12.1) |
| Unemployed | 3 (4.3) | 1 (1.5) | |
| On sick leave | 27 (39.1) | 34 (51.5) | |
| On disability pension | 12 (17.4) | 13 (19.7) | |
| Working/studying part time and part time sick leave | 8 (11.6) | 5 (7.6) | |
| Other combination of the above | 4 (5.8) | 4 (6.1) | |
| Unknown | 0 | 1 (1.5) | |
| Diagnosed with fibromyalgia, n (%) | 55 (80.9) | 54 (84.4) | |
| Duration of symptoms (years), mean (SD) | 13.11 (8.78) | 15.47 (12.09) | |
| Current VAS b rating (past couple of days), mean (SD), n |
|
|
|
|
|
Pain | 67.08 (17.47), 69 | 57.85 (21.60), 66 |
| Fatigue | 67.40 (23.73), 69 | 64.72 (21.02), 66 | |
| Sleep disturbance | 57.24 (26.22) 68 | 55.16 (23.38), 66 | |
| Assessments c and ranges, mean (SD), n |
|
|
|
|
|
PCS (0-52d) | 21.24 (10.33), 63 | 20.80 (9.45), 62 |
|
|
CPAQ (0d-120) | 56.48 (15.02), 58 | 53.87 (13.81), 57 |
|
|
FIQ (0-100d) | 58.75 (16.39), 69 | 58.58 (16.04), 66 |
|
|
SF-8, physical (0d-100) | 31.91 (7.57), 65 | 34.75 (7.35), 62 |
|
|
SF-8, mental (0d-100) | 39.33 (10.49), 65 | 39.34 (9.61), 62 |
|
|
GHQ-12 (0-12d) | 3.32 (3.38), 62 | 3.02 (3.38), 61 |
|
|
CPVI (0d-6) | 2.07 (0.95), 64 | 2.01 (0.73), 61 |
a Patients meeting exclusion criteria after randomization were not included in this analysis.
b VAS: visual analog scale, range 0-100.
c PCS: pain catastrophizing scale; CPAQ: Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire; FIQ: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; SF-8: Short-Form Health Survey; GHQ-12: General Health Questionnaire; and CPVI: Chronic Pain Values Inventory.
d Values that indicate maximum symptom scores/least health.