Table 5.
Mean differences for the primary outcome measure, the pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) within groups, confidence intervals (CI), and effect sizes (ES).
| PCS | Mean difference T2–T3a (n) |
95% CI T2–T3a |
Mean difference T2–T4b (n) |
95% CI T2–T4b |
ES T2–T3a |
P valuec | ES T2–T4b |
P valuec | |
| ITT and LOCF d |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intervention | –3.65 (68) | –5.24 to –2.07 | –2.37 (68) | –4.32 to –0.41 | 0.37 | < .001 | 0.24 | .02 |
|
|
Control | 0.74 (65) | –0.70 to 2.17 | 2.30 (65) | 0.43-4.16 | –0.08 | .31 | –0.22 | .02 |
| Per protocol |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Intervention | –5.09 (44) | –7.00 to –3.18 | –2.96 (36) | –5.78 to –0.13 | 0.69 | < .001 | 0.33 | .04 |
|
|
Control | 1.67 (34) | –1.06 to 4.40 | 2.58 (37) | –0.37 to 5.53 | –0.18 | .22 | –0.24 | .09 |
a T2: at discharge; T3: immediately after intervention.
b T2: at discharge; T4: 5 months after intervention.
c P values for paired samples t tests.
d ITT: intention-to-treat; LOCF: last observation carried forward.