Table 7.
Between-group effect sizes (ES) after the smartphone intervention (T3) and at 5-month follow-up (T4).
| Outcome measurea | ES at T3 | P valueb | ES at T4 | P valueb | |
| Primary |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PCS (ITT and LOCF) | 0.40 | .01 | 0.36 | .05 |
|
|
PCS (per protocol) | 0.87 | < .001 | 0.74 | .003 |
| Secondary (per protocol) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CPAQ | 0.62 | .007 | 0.54 | .02 |
|
|
FIQ | 0.21 | .35 | 0.75 | .001 |
|
|
SF-8, physical | –0.15 | .64 | 0.35 | .13 |
|
|
SF-8, mental | 0.63 | .005 | 0.43 | .06 |
|
|
GHQ-12 | 0.03 | .56 | 0.33 | .16 |
|
|
CPVI | 0.63 | .005 | 0.40 | .08 |
|
|
Pain, VAS | –0.15 | .49 | 0.28 | .22 |
|
|
Fatigue, VAS | 0.04 | .87 | 0.41 | .07 |
|
|
Sleep disturbance, VAS | 0.19 | .36 | 0.55 | .02 |
a PCS: pain catastrophizing scale; ITT: intention-to-treat; LOCF: last observation carried forward; CPAQ: Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire; FIQ: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire; SF-8: Short-Form Health Survey; GHQ-12: General Health Questionnaire; CPVI: Chronic Pain Values Inventory; and VAS: visual analog scale.
b P values for independent t tests or nonparametric tests.