Table 2.

Quality indicators for single-case research.

Dependent variable
	Dependent variables are described with operational and replicable precision
	Each dependent variable is measured with a procedure that generates a quantifiable index
	Dependent variables are measured repeatedly over time
	In the case of remote data capture, the identity of the source of the dependent variable should be authenticated or validated
Independent variable
	Independent variable is described with replicable precision
	Independent variable is systematically manipulated and under the control of the experimenter
	Overt measurement of the fidelity of implementation of the independent variable is highly desirable
Baseline
	The majority of single-case research will include a baseline phase that provides repeated measurement of a dependent variable and establishes a pattern of responding that can be used to predict/compared against the pattern of future performance, if introduction or manipulation of the independent variable did not occur.
	Baseline conditions are described with replicable precision.
Experimental Control/Internal Validity
	The design provides at least three demonstrations of experimental effect at three different points in time.
	The design controls for common threats to internal validity (eg, permits elimination of rival hypotheses).
	There are a sufficient number of data points for each phase (eg, minimum of five) for each participant.
	The results document a pattern that demonstrates experimental control.
Social Validity
	The dependent variable is socially important.
	The magnitude of change in the dependent variable resulting from the intervention is socially important.
	The methods are acceptable to the participant.