Table 1.
Comparability of the 3 groups, multiple tailoring and counseling (MTC), multiple tailoring (MT), and usual care (UC), regarding demographics, baseline values of outcomes, and health care–related costs over the past 3 months (N=414).
| Variable | MTC (n=163) |
MT (n=132) |
UC (n=119) |
F (df) | χ2 (df) | P | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 48.1 (12.0) | 47.8 (12.5) | 48.1 (11.3) | 0.03 (2,406) |
|
.97 | |
| Male, n (%) | 60 (36.8) | 41.2 (54) | 42.9 (51) |
|
1.2 (2) | .56 | |
| Educational level, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
1.9 (2) | .76 | |
|
|
High | 39 (23.9) | 30 (22.9) | 24 (20.2) |
|
|
|
|
|
Medium | 68 (41.7) | 63 (48.1) | 56 (47.1) |
|
|
|
|
|
Low | 56 (34.4) | 38 (29.0) | 39 (32.8) |
|
|
|
| Chronic diseases |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cardiovascular diseases, n (%) | 27 (16.6) | 17 (13.0) | 18 (15.1) |
|
0.7 (2) | .69 |
|
|
Respiratory diseases, n (%) | 38 (23.3) | 44 (33.6) | 36 (30.3) |
|
4.0 (2) | .14 |
|
|
Diabetes, n (%) | 8 (4.9) | 6 (4.6) | 7 (5.9) |
|
0.2 (2) | .89 |
|
|
Cancer, n (%) | 10 (6.1) | 12 (9.2) | 8 (6.7) |
|
1.1 (2) | .59 |
| Cigarettes smoked per day, mean (SD) | 20.6 (10.3) | 23.5 (23.2) | 21.5 (15.5) | 1.14 (2,411) |
|
.32 | |
| FTNDa score (range 0-10), mean (SD) | 5.3 (2.2) | 5.6 (2.0) | 5.3 (2.1) | 0.94 (2,406) |
|
.39 | |
| Utility, mean (SD)b | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.60 (2,375) |
|
.55 | |
| Health care–related costs (€), c mean (SD) | 425.9 (1506.9) | 286.9 (436.6) | 236.9 (474.0) | 1.19 (2,369) |
|
.31 | |
|
|
General practitioner | 53.2 (50.2) | 61.0 (73.2) | 49.7 (55.1) | 1.11 (2,380) |
|
.33 |
|
|
Medical specialist | 65.4 (132.1) | 78.6 (170.9) | 87.6 (202.8) | 0.57 (2,373) |
|
.57 |
|
|
Hospital | 206.9 (1371.3) | 50.9 (205.2) | 47.9 (230.8) | 1.47 (2,378) |
|
.23 |
|
|
Alternative healer | 5.1 (25.1) | 9.4 (41.6) | 4.9 (24.2) | 0.84 (2,379) |
|
.44 |
|
|
Mental health care | 30.3 (133.5) | 24.3 (100.8) | 38.2 (186.5) | 0.27 (2,380) |
|
.76 |
|
|
Prescribed and OTC medication | 26.7 (78.8) | 36.4 (95.5) | 13.6 (58.4) | 2.37 (2,381) |
|
.10 |
|
|
Medical aids and assistive devices | 1.7 (4.1) | 3.4 (12.6) | 1.9 (4.8) | 1.73 (2,380) |
|
.18 |
|
|
Other care | 26.0 (268.3) | 19.2 (166.4) | 12.5 (65.7) | 0.15 (2,379) |
|
.86 |
a Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (0=not addicted, 10=highly addicted)
b Based on the Dutch algorithm for the EQ-5D scores.
c Costs for prior 3 months.