Table 7.
Multivariate proportional mortality hazard ratios (HRs) by waist–hip ratio (WHR) and fitness category in study participants
| Fitness categorya | No. of subjects | No. (%) of deaths | P trendsb | HR (95% CI)c | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WHR 1st quartile | |||||
| Low fitness | 292 | 52 (17.8) | 0.001 | 2.68 (1.62–4.42) | 0.000 |
| Moderate fitness | 351 | 39 (11.1) | 2.06 (1.23–3.46) | 0.006 | |
| High fitness | 354 | 33 (9.3) | 1.65 (0.97–2.81) | 0.067 | |
| WHR 2nd quartile | |||||
| Low fitness | 282 | 26 (9.2) | 0.177 | 1.39 (0.79–2.45) | 0.260 |
| Moderate fitness | 323 | 37 (11.5) | 1.88 (1.12–3.18) | 0.017 | |
| High fitness | 357 | 23 (6.4) | 1 (reference) | – | |
| WHR 3rd quartile | |||||
| Low fitness | 339 | 56 (16.5) | 0.026 | 2.42 (1.47–3.96) | 0.000 |
| Moderate fitness | 331 | 43 (13.0) | 2.04 (1.23–3.39) | 0.006 | |
| High fitness | 370 | 40 (10.8) | 1.60 (0.96–2.67) | 0.074 | |
| WHR 4th quartile | |||||
| Low fitness | 425 | 75 (17.6) | 0.002 | 2.58 (1.60–4.18) | 0.000 |
| Moderate fitness | 334 | 40 (12.0) | 1.89 (1.13–3.17) | 0.016 | |
| High fitness | 241 | 23 (9.5) | 1.31 (0.73–2.34) | 0.366 | |
WHR quartiles: 1st, < 0.88; 2nd, 0.88– < 0.92; 3rd, 0.92– < 0.97; 4th, ≥ 0.97
CI confidence interval, WHR waist to hip ratio
aFitness was assessed with a 6-m walk test. Fitness tertiles: 1st, walking speed < 0.88 m/s (low fitness); 2nd, walking speed 0.88– < 1.05 m/s (moderate fitness); 3rd, walking speed ≥ 1.05 m/s (high fitness)
b P values for trend were obtained by using chi-square test (linear-by-linear association)
cAdjusted for age, sex, medical history (diabetes, stroke, hypertension, myocardial infarction, angina, and congestive heart failure), current smoking, and CVD medications (ACE inhibitor, aspirin, beta blocker, calcium channel blocker, and statin)