Table 4.
Odds ratio and 95% CI of chronic diseases per increase in age or per SD reduction in handgrip strength in the multivariable model
| Chronic disease | Men (n = 748) | Women (n = 397) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chronological age | HGS | Chronological age | HGS | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Anaemia | 0.97 (0.86–1.09) | 0.605 | 0.68 (0.28–1.63) | 0.384 | 0.99 (0.92–1.05) | 0.652 | 1.83 (1.14–2.92) | 0.012 |
| Anxiety | 0.96 (0.86–1.06) | 0.424 | 3.57 (1.46–8.77) | 0.005 | 0.81 (0.66–0.99) | 0.040 | 1.46 (0.36–6.02) | 0.597 |
| Cataract | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) | 0.025 | 1.21 (0.84–1.75) | 0.312 | 1.09 (1.05–1.13) | <0.001 | 0.91 (0.71–1.17) | 0.457 |
| Cerebral vascular accident (stroke) | 1.03 (0.98–1.10) | 0.272 | 1.68 (1.10–2.58) | 0.017 | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) | 0.586 | 1.29 (0.78–2.11) | 0.320 |
| CKD stage 3 or above | 1.06 (0.99–1.14) | 0.105 | 2.76 (1.59–4.78) | <0.001 | 1.14 (1.06–1.24) | 0.001 | 1.04 (0.64–1.68) | 0.868 |
| COAD | 0.92 (0.84–1.02) | 0.100 | 2.19 (1.05–4.55) | 0.036 | 0.95 (0.67–1.34) | 0.752 | 4.93 (0.50–48.85) | 0.172 |
| Depression | 1.12 (0.98–1.29) | 0.102 | 0.35 (0.11–1.10) | 0.072 | 0.96 (0.87–1.07) | 0.509 | 0.74 (0.35–1.54) | 0.420 |
| Diabetes | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 0.864 | 1.28 (0.99–1.66) | 0.063 | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 0.361 | 1.21 (0.90–1.63) | 0.208 |
| Hepatitis B | 1.00 (0.92–1.09) | 0.921 | 1.56 (0.78–3.12) | 0.209 | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) | 0.295 | 0.65 (0.26–1.64) | 0.363 |
| History of fall in the past 12 months | 1.03 (0.99–1.06) | 0.180 | 1.31 (0.99–1.73) | 0.059 | 0.97 (0.94–1.00) | 0.064 | 1.44 (1.15–1.81) | 0.002 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) | 0.792 | 0.99 (0.76–1.28) | 0.932 | 0.99 (0.96–1.03) | 0.693 | 0.89 (0.68–1.17) | 0.390 |
| Hypertension | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.80–1.22) | 0.901 | 1.06 (1.03–1.10) | <0.001 | 1.02 (0.79–1.30) | 0.906 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 0.99 (0.92–1.05) | 0.670 | 1.92 (1.11–3.30) | 0.019 | 0.91 (0.85–0.97) | 0.004 | 1.11 (0.68–1.81) | 0.689 |
| Ischemic heart diseases | 1.07 (1.02–1.13) | 0.011 | 1.32 (0.90–1.93) | 0.157 | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) | 0.135 | 1.00 (0.57–1.78) | 0.993 |
| Kyphosis | 1.05 (1.01–1.10) | 0.025 | 1.22 (0.88–1.67) | 0.231 | 1.03 (0.98–1.07) | 0.256 | 1.80 (1.32–2.46) | <0.001 |
| Malignancy within 5 years | 1.04 (0.98–1.10) | 0.180 | 1.16 (0.75–1.79) | 0.499 | 1.04 (0.98–1.11) | 0.182 | 0.84 (0.52–1.36) | 0.482 |
| Osteoarthritis knee | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 0.598 | 1.02 (0.78–1.32) | 0.905 | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.841 | 1.05 (0.79–1.40) | 0.733 |
| Peptic ulcer | 1.01 (0.96–1.06) | 0.771 | 0.90 (0.62–1.31) | 0.570 | 1.04 (0.96–1.12) | 0.326 | 0.96 (0.57–1.62) | 0.891 |
P ≤ 0.05 values are in bold
Model was mutually adjusted for age and handgrip strength T-score, and further adjusted for BMI, history of smoking, educational level, marital status and other co-existing chronic diseases
HGS handgrip strength