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The base-pairing requirement of the ε signal restricts the emergence of G1896A mutation from genotype A. The secondary structure of the ε signal is shown on the left, with the precore codons 15 and 28, and the initiation codon of the core gene indicated by arrowheads. The right panel is an enlarged figure showing the base pairing between codons 15 and 28. Notably, the G1896A mutation improves base pairing for most genotypes but disrupts base pairing for genotype A.
