Table 1.
CHQ-PF28 scales, number of items per scale, score interpretation and psychometric properties in the present study (n = 3,227)
| CHQ-PF28 scales | Overall (n = 3,227) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of items | Description low score | Description high score | Missings | Mean [SD] | Median [IQR] | Score range | % minb | % maxb | Cronbach’s αc | |
| Physical summarya | Lower summary score represents lower physical healtha | Higher summary score represents higher physical healtha | 101 | 56.8 [6.5] | 58.4 [4.9] | −8.6–67.2 | na | na | 0.71d | |
| Psychosocial summarya | Lower summary score represents lower psychosocial healtha | Higher summary score represents higher psychosocial healtha | 101 | 53.0 [6.6] | 53.8 [8.1] | 12.2–66.2 | na | na | 0.83d | |
| Physical functioning | 3 | Child is limited a lot in performing all physical activities, including self care, because of health | Child performs all types of physical activities, including the most vigorous, without limitations attributable to health | 28 | 97.2 [11.0] | 100.0 [0.0] | 0–100 | 0.2 | 90.6 | 0.86 |
| Role funct.-emo/behav. | 1 | Child is limited a lot in school work or activities with friends as a result of emotional or behaviour problems | Child has no limitations in schoolwork or activities with friends as a result of emotional or behaviour problems | 26 | 97.5 [10.9] | 100.0 [0.0] | 0–100 | 0.2 | 94.2 | na |
| Role funct.-physical | 1 | Child is limited a lot in school work or activities with friends as a result of physical health | Child has no limitations in schoolwork or activities with friends as a result of physical health | 27 | 97.0 [11.9] | 100.0 [0.0] | 0–100 | 0.2 | 93.1 | na |
| Bodily pain | 1 | Child has extremely severe, frequent, and limiting bodily pain | Child has no pain or limitations because of pain | 28 | 85.7 [16.1] | 80.0 [20.0] | 0–100 | 0.6 | 44.7 | na |
| General behavior | 4 | Child very often exhibits aggressive, immature, delinquent behaviour | Child never exhibits aggressive, immature, delinquent behaviour | 17 | 71.8 [14.3] | 71.3 [18.75] | 0–100 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 0.69 |
| Mental health | 3 | Child has feelings of anxiety and depression all of the time | Child feels peaceful, happy, and calm all of the time | 28 | 81.7 [14.2] | 83.3 [16.7] | 0–100 | 0.0 | 20.5 | 0.64 |
| Self-esteem | 3 | Child is very dissatisfied with abilities, looks, family/peer relationships, and life overall | Child is very satisfied with abilities, looks, family/peer relationships’ and life overall | 22 | 82.1 [13.1] | 75.0 [16.7] | 0–100 | 0.1 | 24.3 | 0.82 |
| Gen health perc. | 4 | Parent believes child’s health is poor and likely to get worse | Parent believes child’s health is excellent and will continue to be so | 17 | 85.1 [15.7] | 90.0 [18.8] | 7.5–100 | 0.0 | 21.7 | 0.49 |
| Parental-emotional | 2 | Parent experiences a great deal of emotional worry/concern as a result of child’s physical and/or psychosocial health | Parent doesn’t experience feelings of emotional worry/concern as a result of child’s physical and/or psychosocial health | 20 | 89.2 [14.5] | 100.0 [12.5] | 0–100 | 0.1 | 51.3 | 0.38 |
| Parental-time | 2 | Parent experiences a lot of limitations in time available for personal needs because of child’s physical and/or psychosocial health | Parent doesn’t experience limitations in time available for personal needs because of child’s physical and/or psychosocial health | 27 | 95.2 [12.8] | 100.0 [0.0] | 0–100 | 0.2 | 82.7 | 0.56 |
| Family activities | 2 | The child’s health very often limits and interrupts family activities or is a source of family tension | The child’s health never limits or interrupts family activities or is a source of family tension | 24 | 89.2 [16.3] | 100.0 [25.0] | 0–100 | 0.2 | 59.6 | 0.70 |
| Family cohesion | 1 | Family’s ability to get along is rated “poor” | Family’s ability to get along is rated “excellent” | 63 | 73.6 [17.8] | 85.0 [25.0] | 0–100 | 0.1 | 14.8 | na |
| Change in health | 1 | Child’s health is much worse now than 1 year ago | Child’s health is much better now than 1 year ago | 34 | 56.2 [15.4] | 50.0 [0.0] | 0–100 | 0.2 | 7.9 | na |
Score interpretation: Reproduced with permission from the principal author Landgraf (page 38–39) [38]
na not applicable
aPhysical and Psychosocial CHQ summary scores based on a factor-analytical model on U.S. population samples. A score of 50 represents the mean in the general U.S. population; scores above/below 50 are above/below the average in the general U.S. population [38]. Summary scales do not include the family activities, family cohesion and change in health scales
b% of respondent with the highest, respectively lowest possible CHQ-PF28 scale score (ceiling/floor)
CAverage Cronbach’s α of the eight multi-item scales 0.77
dCronbach’s α of the summary scales might be higher because the single-item scales (role func-emo/behav, role func-physical and bodily pain) could not be included