Table 3.
CHQ-PF28 scale scores stratified by children’s weight status (n = 3,227)
| Normal weighta,b (n = 2,278) | Overweighta (n = 405) | Obesitya (n = 50) | Severe obesitya (n = 45) | Underweighta (n = 449) | Kruskal–Wallis p valuec | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean [SD] | Median [IQR] | Mean [SD] | Median [IQR] | Mean [SD] | Median [IQR] | Mean [SD] | Median [IQR] | Mean [SD] | Median [IQR] | ||
| Physical summary | 57.1 [6.1] | 58.6 [4.6] | 56.3 [7.2] | 58.1 [5.5] | 56.0 [8.7] | 58.1 [6.5] | 54.4 [7.3] | 56.2 [7.7]** | 55.9 [7.3] | 58.0 [5.2]*** | 0.000 |
| Psychosocial summary | 53.0 [6.6] | 53.8 [8.2] | 52.9 [7.3] | 54.1 [8.0] | 51.4 [7.1] | 52.3 [7.3] | 52.5 [6.1] | 52.9 [6.5] | 53.2 [6.3] | 53.7 [7.7] | 0.552 |
| Physical functioning | 97.7 [9.8] | 100.0 [0.0] | 96.1 [13.6] | 100.0 [0.0]* | 93.9 [17.0] | 100.0 [0.0]*** | 91.1 [15.8] | 100.0 [11.1]*** | 96.6 [12.2] | 100.0 [0.0] | 0.000 |
| Role funct.-emo/behav. | 97.5 [10.8] | 100.0 [0.0] | 97.5 [11.5] | 100.0 [0.0] | 96.0 [14.5] | 100.0 [0.0] | 96.2 [12.9] | 100.0 [0.0] | 98.1 [10.0] | 100.0 [0.0] | 0.432 |
|
Role funct.- physical |
97.3 [11.1] | 100.0 [0.0] | 96.6 [13.6] | 100.0 [0.0] | 95.3 [16.5] | 100.0 [0.0] | 96.2 [12.9] | 100.0 [0.0] | 96.1 [13.7] | 100.0 [0.0] | 0.483 |
| Bodily pain | 85.9 [15.7] | 80.0 [20.0] | 86.7 [15.9] | 80.0 [20.0] | 82.8 [23.2] | 80.0 [20.0] | 90.2 [13.4] | 100.0 [20.0] | 84.1 [17.2] | 80.0 [20.0] | 0.036 |
| General behavior | 71.8 [14.2] | 71.3 [18.8] | 71.2 [14.9] | 71.3 [16.3] | 68.3 [13.9] | 65.0 [18.8] | 72.4 [15.0] | 75.0 [18.8] | 72.3 [14.1] | 71.3 [18.8] | 0.287 |
| Mental health | 81.8 [14.1] | 83.3 [16.7] | 81.6 [14.8] | 83.3 [16.7] | 77.6 [17.3] | 83.3 [19.2] | 83.7 [13.1] | 83.3 [16.7] | 81.4 [13.5] | 83.3 [16.7] | 0.390 |
| Self-esteem | 82.1 [13.1] | 75.0 [16.7] | 82.4 [13.4] | 75.0 [25.0] | 78.2 [11.9] | 75.0 [8.3]* | 79.8 [12.4] | 75.0 [12.5] | 82.4 [13.1] | 75.0 [25.0] | 0.128 |
| Gen. health perc. | 86.1 [14.9] | 90.0 [18.8] | 83.4 [16.9] | 90.0 [22.2]** | 78.9 [19.4] | 87.5 [25.0]** | 78.6 [18.1] | 83.8 [31.3]** | 83.4 [17.0] | 90.0 [25.0]*** | 0.000 |
| Parental-emotional | 89.4 [14.1] | 100.0 12.5] | 89.7 [15.2] | 100.0 [12.5] | 84.7 [17.7] | 87.5 [25.0] | 82.2 [20.4] | 87.5 [25.0]** | 88.8 [14.5] | 87.5 [12.5] | 0.010 |
|
Parental- time |
95.6 [11.9] | 100.0 [0.0] | 94.0 [16.1] | 100.0 [0.0] | 94.6 [12.5] | 100.0 [0.0] | 90.5 [17.8] | 100.0 [16.7]* | 94.6 [13.4] | 100.0 [0.0] | 0.070 |
| Family activities | 89.3 [16.4] | 100.0 [25.0] | 89.1 [16.5] | 100.0 [25.0] | 90.1 [15.9] | 100.0 [25.0] | 88.9 [15.6] | 100.0 [25.0] | 88.7 [16.2] | 100.0 [25.0] | 0.892 |
| Family cohesion | 73.5 [17.9] | 85.0 [25.0] | 73.0 [18.1] | 85.0 [25.0] | 70.0 [16.9] | 60.0 [25.0] | 71.1 [17.2] | 60.0 [25.0] | 74.9 [17.3] | 85.0 [25.0] | 0.166 |
| Change in health | 56.0 [14.9] | 50.0 [0.0] | 57.1 [17.1] | 50.0 [0.0] | 57.1 [17.7] | 50.0 [0.0] | 60.0 [20.2] | 50.0 [25.0] | 56.3 [15.2] | 50.0 [0.00] | 0.605 |
SD standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range
* Represents p value from Mann–Whitney U test: CHQ-PF28 scale score of each subgroup compared to the scale score of the reference group of normal weight children, * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001
aSubgroups of weight categories based on international age- and gender-specific BMI cutoff values, for severe obesity cutoff values of BMI: 20.00 in boys and BMI: 21.00 in girls were used
bReference group
cKruskal–Wallis tests to compare the CHQ-PF28 scale scores across all subgroups; a significant p value (p < 0.05) provides statistical support for performing pairwise comparisons