Table III.

Coefficients from Linear Regression Analyses of Wave 3 (Age 4%) Child Outcomes on Wave 2 (2 Years) Resources and Parenting Behaviors

Variable (Reference Category)		Math Score			Reading Score
Model Number	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4
Maternal age (25-29 years old)
15-17	−4 21***	−3.34***	−3.02***	−2.50**	−3.06***	-2.48***	−1.79***	−1.48***
18-19	−2.02**	−1.46*	−0.53	−0.28	−1.80**	-1.42*	−0.43	−0.29
Two Bags Task score		1.20***		0.83***		0.86***		0.54***
Parent-child attachment (secure)
Disorganized		−1.62***		−1.57***		−0.35		−0.33
Insecure-ambivalent		−1.33***		−1.37***		-0.55		−0.68*
Insecure-avoidant		−0.66*		−0.58*		−0.65*		−0.57*
Observed positive parenting behaviors		2.13		1.54		2.70*		2.15*
Household income % of federal
poverty line (≥400%)
Under 100%			−1.83**	−1.63**			−1.55**	−1.39*
100-199%			−1.51***	−1.41***			−1.67***	−1.59***
200-299%			−1.22***	−1.27***			−1.78***	−1.79***
300-399%			−0.70	−0.68			−1.41**	−1.40**
Mom’s educational attainment (years)			0.46***	0.41***			0.51***	0.48***
Child’s health insurance (private)
Medicaid			−0.61*	−0.59			−0.42	−0.42
Other government insurance			−0.33	−0.26			0.07	0.07
Not insured			−1.21*	−1.23*			−1.19	−1.23
Household has savings accounta			0.71*	0.67			0.52*	0.52*
Household owns stocks/mutual fundsa			0.81**	0.70*			0.79**	0.64*
Number of other children in household			−0.38*	−0.40*			−0.63***	−0 64***
Time with friends/neighbors (never)
< Once per month			0.38	0.39			−0.04	−0.04
Once or twice per month			1.10**	1.03**			0.27	0.23
About once per week			1.03*	0.94*			0.36	0.34
Several times per week			0.79	0.71			-0.29	-0.32
Mother’s paid work status (no work)
Works full time			−0.19	−0.33			−0.54	−0.63
Works part time			−0.75**	−0.78**			−0.77*	−0.79**
Child care support (no child care)
All child care is free			0.75*	0.91**			0.63	0.71
Some free or subsidized care			0.83*	0.89*			0.31	0.33
Pays full child care cost			0.31	0.36			0.09	0.10
Constant	24.75***	19.72***	17.16***	14.59***	15.05***	11.40***	8.01***	6.33***
Design-based F test	62.15***	83.31***	38.92***	59.41***	40.13***	35.02***	26.45***	29.13***
R-squared	0.27	0.30	0.33	0.35	0.22	0.24	0.29	0.29

Notes: Source: Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, 2001-2005. N≈5900 for each dependent variable.

Analyses account for sample design effects. Standard errors in parentheses.

All models control for all variables included in Table 2, Model 3. Models 3 and 4 also control for nonsignificant resources.

^*p<.05

^**p<.01

^***p<.001; two-tailed tests

^a1=yes.