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. 2013 Apr 16;62(5):1581–1592. doi: 10.2337/db12-0167

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2.

Combined treatment with mesenchymal factors affects pancreatic progenitor induction and endocrine differentiation. A: Schematic depicts differentiation procedure and genes used as markers for specific stages of hESC differentiation. ES/iPS, embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells; DE, definitive endoderm; PG, primitive gut, PF, posterior foregut; β-cell, pancreatic β-cells. F7–9, cells treated with CF from day 7 to 9; F10–12, cells treated with CF from day 10 to 12. B: Immunostaining of PDX1 and HNF6 on day 9 shows induction of pancreatic progenitors. C: Q-PCR illustrates day 9 PDX1 expression level in samples with or without combined mesenchymal factors (n = 3 independent experiments). The error bars represent the SD for all graphs. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t test. *P < 0.05. D: Immunostaining of insulin and glucagon shows differentiation of endocrine cells in control and samples treated with combined factors at different time points. E: Q-PCR analysis of day 15 INS expression levels in samples treated with or without combined mesenchymal factors (n = 3 independent experiments). E (inset): Day 15 relative INS expression in F7–9 samples. B: Scale bars = 200 μm. D: Scale bars = 100 μm.