Table 5.

Studies on associations between Parkinson’s disease and malignant melanoma and Parkinson’s disease and breast cancer

Study type	Author	Location	Sex	Cases among patients with Parkinson’s disease	RR	95% confidence interval
Malignant melanoma before Parkinson’s disease
Case–control	Elbaz et al.5	USA	M + F	3	1.50	0.25–8.98
	Olsen et al.8	Denmark	M + F	46	1.44	1.03–2.01
	Driver et al.4	USA	M	3	1.62	0.27–9.83
	Lo et al.7	USA	M + F	6	1.5	0.40–5.21
Cohort	Fois et al.6	United Kingdom	M + F	9	0.5	0.2–0.92
Malignant melanoma after Parkinson’s disease
Case–control	Becker et al.9	United Kingdom	M + F	9	2.72	0.66–11.123
	Lo et al.7	USA	M + F	14	1.6	0.71–3.601
Cohort	Jansson and Jankovic11	USA	M + F	2	p = 0.04
	Constantinescu et al.17	USA	M + F	5	3.3	1.1–7.8
	Driver et al.10	USA	M	9	6.15	1.77–21.37
	Olsen et al.28	Denmark	M + F	48	1.85	1.37–2.46
	Bertoni et al.16	USA	M + F	10	2.24	1.21–4.17
	Inzelberg et al.18	Israel	M + F	20	4.4	2.6–7.6
Breast cancer before Parkinson’s disease
Case–control	Elbaz et al.5	USA	M + F	1	0.20	0.02–1.71
	D’Amelio et al.3	Italy	M + F	3	NS	NS
	Olsen et al.8	Denmark	F	134	1.09	0.90–1.33
	Lo et al.7	USA	M + F	11	0.72	0.27–1.91
Cohort	Fois et al.6	United Kingdom	M + F	133	0.9	0.7–1.02
Breast cancer after Parkinson’s disease
Case–control	Becker et al.9	United Kingdom	M + F	19	0.92	0.47–1.803
	Lo et al.7	USA	M + F	11	0.95	0.38–2.41
Cohort	Minami et al.12	Japan	F	3	5.49	1.10–16.03
	Olsen et al.14	Denmark	F	142	1.24	1.0–1.5
	Fois et al.6	United Kingdom	M + F	21	0.7	0.4–1.02

¹Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption and BMI. Malignant melanoma additionally adjusted for eye color.

²Adjusted for age (5-year bands), sex, time period in single calendar years and district of residence.

³Adjusted for age, sex, calendar time, BMI and smoking status.

Abbreviations: RR: relative risk; NS: not specified.