TABLE 3. Association Between Air Pollution and All-Cause Postneonatal Death and SIDS for Infants Born Between 1989 and 2000 to Mothers Living in 389 SoCAB Zip Codes.
| Pollutant/Exposure Period | OR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Single-Pollutant Models | Multiple-Pollutant Models | |
| All-cause death | ||
| CO/2 mo before death | 4915 case subjects, 52 491 control subjects | 4616 case subjects, 48 986 control subjects |
| Per 1 ppm | 1.11 (1.06–1.16) | 1.06(1.00–1.13) |
| 1.06 to <2.05 ppma | 1.07(0.99–1.16) | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) |
| ≥2.05 ppm | 1.25 (1.12–1.39) | 1.15 (1.00–1.33) |
| NO2/2 mo before death | 4820 case subjects, 50 998 control subjects | 4616 case subjects, 48 986 control subjects |
| Per 1 pphm | 1.08 (1.04–1.11) | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) |
| 3.03 to <4.60 pphm | 1.08 (0.99–1.17) | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) |
| ≥4.60 pphm | 1.21 (1.09–1.34) | 1.10 (0.97–1.25) |
| PM10/2 mo before death | 4855 case subjects, 51 947 control subjects | 4616 case subjects, 48 986 control subjects |
| Per 10 μg/m3 | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) |
| 35.2 to <54.1 μg/m3 | 0.96 (0.89–1.04) | 0.92 (0.84–1.00) |
| ≥54.1 μg/m3 | 1.14 (1.03–1.27) | 1.07 (0.95–1.20) |
| O3/2 mo before death | 4962 case subjects, 52 967 control subjects | 4616 case subjects, 48 986 control subjects |
| Per 1 pphm | 0.93 (0.89–0.97) | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) |
| 1.33 to <2.95 pphm | 0.85 (0.78–0.93) | 0.91 (0.82–1.01) |
| ≥2.95 pphm | 0.80 (0.71–0.91) | 0.85 (0.74–0.97) |
| SIDS | ||
| CO/2 mo before death | 1487 case subjects, 14 624 control subjects | 1381 case subjects, 13 627 control subjects |
| Per 1 ppm | 1.19 (1.10–1.28) | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) |
| 1.08 to <2.12 ppm | 1.08 (0.92–1.26) | 0.97 (0.81–1.17) |
| ≥2.12 ppm | 1.43 (1.17–1.75) | 1.11 (0.86–1.44) |
| NO2/2 mo before death | 1450 case subjects, 14 226 control subjects | 1381 case subjects, 13 627 control subjects |
| Per 1 pphm | 1.15 (1.08–1.23) | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) |
| 3.07 to <4.65 pphm | 1.36 (1.16–1.60) | 1.31 (1.08–1.59) |
| ≥4.65 pphm | 1.55 (1.27–1.88) | 1.44 (1.13–1.85) |
| PM10/2 mo before death | 1454 case subjects, 14400 control subjects | 1381 case subjects, 13 627 control subjects |
| Per 10 μg/m3 | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) |
| 35.8 to <55.7 μg/m3 | 0.94 (0.81–1.08) | 0.90 (0.76–1.06) |
| ≥55.7 μg/m3 | 1.13 (0.93–1.36) | 0.99 (0.80–1.24) |
| O3/2 mo before death | 1495 case subjects, 14 754 control subjects | 1381 case subjects, 13 627 control subjects |
| Per 1 pphm | 0.89 (0.82–0.96) | 0.93 (0.84–1.02) |
| 1.30 to <2.95 pphm | 0.74 (0.63–0.87) | 0.88 (0.73–1.07) |
| ≥2.95 pphm | 0.73 (0.58–0.92) | 0.86 (0.66–1.11) |
The following variables were included in all models: infant gender, maternal age, race, and education, level of prenatal care, death season, birth county, and parity. Multiple-pollutant models included those variables plus averages for all 4 pollutants (CO, NO2, PM10, and O3).
a
Values listed are the 25th to <75th and ≥75th percentile cutoff points from single-pollutant models.