Figure 3.

Composition and trafficking of exosomes from infected macrophages with a focus on mycobacterial‐infected cells. A) A list of microbial or infectious components that have been shown to be on exosomes. These include ‘infectious’ proteins such as prions as well as HIV. Also shown are microbial molecules, which have been released from the pathogen and trafficked to MVBs and present on exosomes. B) General diagram of how mycobacterial PAMPs are released from the mycobacteria within a phagosome and transported to the MVB for release on exosomes. The exosomes containing the PAMPs bind to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on surrounding macrophages leading to macrophage activation. LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MCP, mycobacteria‐containing phagosome; FAP, fibronectin attachment protein; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase.