Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of bipolar disorder (BD) inpatients with therapy-resistant depression
|
Variable |
Total sample |
BD I |
BD II |
p |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 19 | n = 32 | ||||
| Demographics |
Gender (male), n (%) |
24 (47.1) |
7 (36.8) |
17 (53.1) |
0.201) |
| |
Age (years) |
45.7 (10.5) |
49.2 (9.2) |
43.6 (10.8) |
0.062) |
| |
Education (years) |
13.8 (3.2) |
12.6 (3.2) |
14.5 (3.0) |
0.042) |
| |
Premorbid IQ |
112.9 (3.7) |
112.0 (3.9)a |
113.5 (3.4)b |
0.182) |
| Course of illness |
Duration of illness (years) |
30.6 (11.4) |
33.4 (9.4)a |
29.1 (12.2) |
0.192) |
| |
Hospitalizations due to depressive episodes |
4.3 (3.9) |
4.7 (4.8)c |
4.1 (3.5)d |
0.823) |
| |
History of psychotic symptoms, n (%) |
24 (48.0) |
16 (84.2) |
8 (25.8)e |
<0.011) |
| |
Number of psychotic episodes |
1.8 (3.0) |
3.6 (3.6)c |
0.8 (2.1)f |
<0.013) |
| Lifetime DSM-IV-TR diagnosis |
Substance abuse, n (%) |
15 (29.4) |
6 (31.6) |
9 (28.1) |
1.001) |
| |
Anxiety, n (%) |
14 (29.2) |
8 (47.1)g |
6 (19.4)e |
0.061) |
| Symptom rating scales |
MADRS |
37.0 (6.6) |
36.8 (6.6) |
37.2 (6.6) |
0.872) |
| |
PANSS pos |
9.8 (3.4) |
9.7 (3.6)c |
9.8 (3.4) |
0.763) |
| GAF-S | 37.3 (10.9) | 41.0 (9.8)a | 35.3 (11.1) | 0.103) | |
Data are mean (SD) values unless otherwise specified for total group and groups with BD I or BD II subtype, accompanied by p values for statistical comparisons between subtypes: 1)chi-square test; 2)independent-samples t-test; 3)Mann-Whitney Test. Data presented in bold, p < 0.05.
SD, Standard deviation; MADRS, Montgomery and Åsberg depression rating scale; PANSS pos, Positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenia, positive subscale; GAF-S, Global assessment of functioning–split version, symptom subscale; DSM-IV-TR, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition, text revision.
an = 18, bn = 28, cn = 15, dn = 30, en = 31, fn = 29, gn = 17.