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View full-text article in PMC

. 2013 Apr 26;8(4):e62164. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062164

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© 2013 Huang et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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During BBB vascular turnover BMECs might be replaced by proliferation of adjacent cells or by maturation of circulating endothelial progenitors (EPCs) generated in the bone marrow. Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) and BMECs (cBMECs) with a mature phenotype, derived from systemic and BBB vessel turnover, respectively, are increased in patients with systemic inflammation and BBB disorders. The role and the frequency of marrow-derived circulating EPCs may vary in different types of CNS inflammation and in different phases of BBB disorders. In addition to cBMECs and EPCs, cerebral angiogenesis might be modulated by some other specialized cells such as astrocytes and pericytes.