Table 2.
Recruitment and demographic, health, lifestyle, social and psychological characteristics by country (weighted unless otherwise specified) 1
| All countries | Germany | Italy | Netherlands | Spain | Sweden | UK | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sample size (unweighted) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Invited (n) |
4,040 |
615 |
638 |
698 |
708 |
789 |
592 |
|
| Responded (N) |
2,942 |
407 |
468 |
574 |
539 |
510 |
444 |
|
| Response rate (%) |
72.8 |
66.2 |
73.4 |
82.2 |
76.1 |
64.6 |
75.0 |
|
|
Demographic characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Age (mean (SD) range) (unweighted) |
74.2 (5.1) |
74.4 (5.0) |
73.3 (5.2) |
75.2 (5.7) |
75.0 (5.5) |
72.1 (5.0) |
75.2 (2.6) |
<.0001 |
| Age (range in years) (unweighted) |
65-85 |
65-85 |
65-85 |
65-85 |
65-85 |
65-85 |
71-80 |
|
| Sex (female) (n (%)) (unweighted) |
1,527 (51.9) |
164 (40.3) |
249 (53.2) |
317 (55.2) |
268 (49.7) |
306 (60.0) |
222 (50.0) |
<.0001 |
| Married (yes) (n (%)) |
1,934 (63.7) |
280 (67.4) |
345 (72.8) |
341 (57.5) |
386 (68.8) |
267 (51.5) |
315 (69.1) |
<.0001 |
| Education (≥ secondary education) (n (%)) |
1,637 (55.0) |
202 (50.1) |
105 (22.4) |
435 (74.5) |
149 (27.6) |
391 (76,7) |
355 (79.1) |
<.0001 |
|
Health characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| BMI (Mean (SD) in kg/m2) |
27.7 (4.4) |
27.4 (4.0) |
28.1 (4.6) |
27.6 (4.5) |
28.6 (4.3) |
26.2 (4.0) |
28.1 (4.6) |
<.0001 |
| Chronic diseases (≥2) (n (%)) |
791 (26.9) |
100 (25.4) |
111 (22.7) |
195 (33.4) |
182 (35.1) |
109 (20.6) |
94 (20.9) |
<.0001 |
| Physical performance score (mean (SD)) |
8.4 (2.7) |
8.4 (2.7) |
8.7 (2.2) |
8.2 (2.8) |
8.4 (2.9) |
8.5 (2.4) |
7.8 (2.9) |
<.0001 |
|
Lifestyle characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Alcohol consumption (yes) (n (%)) |
2224 (74.9) |
367 (90.0) |
371 (78.1) |
462 (80.7) |
223 (38.9) |
444 (88.8) |
357 (79.0) |
<.0001 |
| Smoking status (n (%)) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<.0001 |
| Never |
1,410 (49.5) |
199 (50.5) |
265 (58.5) |
196 (36.9) |
299 (58.5) |
223 (43.2) |
228 (52.8) |
|
| Current |
232 (8.5) |
28 (7.0) |
33 (8.2) |
55 (10.5) |
51 (9.2) |
48 (10.1) |
17 (3.7) |
|
| Ex |
1,289 (42.0) |
180 (42.5) |
170 (33.2) |
320 (52.5) |
189 (32.4) |
231 (46.6) |
199 (43.5) |
|
| Physical activity score (min/day) (median [IQR]) |
172 [103–261] |
215 [135–312] |
238 [131–364] |
145 [91–213] |
148 [86–214] |
160 [107–227] |
189 [112–275] |
<.0001 |
|
Social characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Social network |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Family (mean (SD)) (0–15) |
9.2 (3.2) |
9.2 (3.2) |
9.9 (2.8) |
9.6 (3.3) |
9.0 (3.2) |
8.6 (3.3) |
9.0 (3.2) |
<.0001 |
| Friends (mean (SD)) (0–15) |
7.6 (3.7) |
8.5 (3.6) |
7.1 (4.0) |
7.7 (3.6) |
6.1 (4.0) |
8.3 (3.1) |
8.5 (3.3) |
<.0001 |
| Social participation (0–21) (mean (SD)) |
5.4 (3.8) |
7.2 (3.8) |
4.3 (3.6) |
4.9 (3.6) |
4.6 (3.4) |
5.3 (3.6) |
7.2 (4.0) |
<.0001 |
|
Psychological characteristics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| MMSE (median[IQR]) |
28 [26-29] |
29 [28-30] |
27 [25-28] |
28 [27-29] |
28 [26-29] |
27 [26-28] |
28 [25-29] |
<.0001 |
| Anxiety (≥8) (n (%)) |
568 (20.7) |
54 (14.2) |
235 (53.1) |
88 (16.5) |
87 (17.6) |
40 (7.3) |
64 (16.4) |
<.0001 |
| Depression (≥8) (n (%)) |
332 (11.9) |
32 (7.7) |
94 (20.9) |
70 (12.7) |
99 (19.5) |
8 (1.2) |
29 (7.4) |
<.0001 |
| Mastery (0–28) (mean (SD)) | 19.3 (5.0) | 20.5 (4.1) | 16.7 (4.5) | 18.1 (4.5) | 16.9 (4.2) | 24.2 (3.9) | 19.8 (4.4) | <.0001 |
1 The n is unweighted. The sample size may vary for some variables, because of missing values. Means and standard deviations (SD) and p-values for country-differences tested with ANOVA are presented for normally distributed continuous variables. Medians and Interquartile ranges (IQR) and p-values for country-differences tested with Kruskal-Wallis test are presented for skewed continuous variables. Percentages and p-values for country-differences tested with the Chi-squared were presented for categorical variables.