Table 2.
Characteristics and comparison of patients (n = 680) admitted and not admitted to in-patient wards from CRTs
| Patient-level variables | Admitted | Not admitted | pa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall admission rate to in-patient wards n (%) |
146 (21.5) |
534 (78.5) |
|
|
Socio-demographic variables |
|
|
|
| Age (years): mean (SD) |
41.82 (14.66) |
39.63 (15.12) |
0.124 |
| Gender: n (%) female |
84 (58.3) |
312 (58.9) |
0.908 |
| Single, divorced, or widowed: n (%) |
97 (68.3) |
318 (60.9) |
0.107 |
| Living alone: n (%) |
83 (57.6) |
313 (58.4) |
0.870 |
| Employed at present: n (%) |
24 (16.7) |
151 (28.2) |
0.005 |
| Custody of children aged under 18 years: n (%) |
34 (29.1) |
134 (34.6) |
0.263 |
|
Clinical variables |
|
|
|
|
Clinical diagnosis (ICD–10): n (%) |
|
|
|
| F10–19 Substance use disorders |
8 (5.8) |
45 (8.8) |
0.260 |
| F20–29 Schizophrenia disorders |
28 (20.4) |
32 (6.3) |
< 0.001 |
| F30–39 Affective disorders |
55 (40.1) |
165 (32.3) |
0.085 |
| F40–49 Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders |
22 (16.1) |
125 (24.5) |
0.037 |
| F60–69 Personality disorders |
3 (2.2) |
27 (5.3) |
0.126 |
|
GAF: mean (SD) |
|
|
|
| Symptom |
39.26 (10.31) |
50.80 (10.70) |
< 0.001 |
| Functioning |
41.37 (10.62) |
51.78 (12.13) |
< 0.001 |
|
Suicide risk: n (%) |
|
|
|
| No suicidal thoughts/death intentions |
36 (27.9) |
221 (43.0) |
0.001 |
| Passive suicidal thoughts, with no death intentions |
52 (37.1) |
209 (40.7) |
0.451 |
| Concrete suicidal plans or self-injury, with no death intentions |
43 (30.7) |
67 (13.0) |
< 0.001 |
| Self-injury with death intentions |
6 (4.3) |
17 (3.3) |
|
|
Severity of clinical and social problems: n (%) |
|
|
|
| Non-accidental self-injury (HoNOS 2): |
|
|
|
| 0 No problem |
84 (58.3) |
410 (76.5) |
< 0.001 |
| 1 Minor problem requiring no action |
18 (12.5) |
42 (7.8) |
0.080 |
| 2 Mild problem but definitely present |
13 (9.0) |
34 (6.3) |
0.260 |
| 3 Moderately severe problem |
17 (11.8) |
31 (5.8) |
0.012 |
| 4 Severe to very severe problem |
12 (8.3) |
19 (3.5) |
0.014 |
| Substance misuse (HoNOS 3): |
|
|
|
| 0 No problem |
95 (66.0) |
388 (72.4) |
0.132 |
| 1 Minor problem requiring no action |
15 (10.4) |
52 (9.7) |
0.798 |
| 2 Mild problem but definitely present |
11 (7.6) |
39 (7.3) |
0.882 |
| 3 Moderately severe problem |
17 (11.8) |
43 (8.0) |
0.155 |
| 4 Severe to very severe problem |
6 (4.2) |
14 (2.6) |
0.327 |
| Psychotic symptoms (HoNOS 6): |
|
|
|
| 0 No problem |
80 (55.6) |
438 (81.7) |
< 0.001 |
| 1 Minor problem requiring no action |
15 (10.4) |
48 (9.0) |
0.591 |
| 2 Mild problem, but definitely present |
17 (11.8) |
31 (5.8) |
0.012 |
| 3 Moderately severe problem |
21 (14.6) |
15 (2.8) |
< 0.001 |
| 4 Severe to very severe problem |
11 (7.6) |
4 (0.7) |
< 0.001 |
| Depressive symptoms (HoNOS 7): |
|
|
|
| 0 No problem |
16 (11.1) |
64 (11.9) |
0.784 |
| 1 Minor problem requiring no action |
21 (14.6) |
112 (20.9) |
0.090 |
| 2 Mild problem, but definitely present |
52 (36.1) |
219 (40.9) |
0.302 |
| 3 Moderately severe problem |
39 (27.1) |
115 (21.5) |
0.152 |
| 4 Severe to very severe problem |
16 (11.1) |
26 (4.9) |
0.006 |
|
Unwanted incidents: n (%) |
|
|
|
| Attempted suicide |
6 (4.2) |
8 (1.5) |
0.031 |
| Deliberate self-harm |
12 (8.3) |
20 (3.7) |
0.031 |
| Physical attacks on others |
5 (3.5) |
11 (2.1) |
0.351 |
| Physical attacks from others |
1 (0.7) |
4 (0.7) |
|
|
Past psychiatric history: n (%) |
|
|
|
| Previous mental health service contact |
94 (65.2) |
307 (57.3) |
0.063 |
| Psychiatric admission past 12 months |
55 (44.4) |
87 (19.0) |
< 0.001 |
|
Other characteristics: n (%) |
|
|
|
| Pharmacological treatment |
57 (39.6) |
184 (34.3) |
0.242 |
| Receiving involuntary treatment |
1 (0.7) |
2 (0.4) |
|
|
Contact/support in 48 hours before admission: n (%) |
|
|
|
| GP |
54 (37.5) |
176 (32.8) |
0.294 |
| Emergency ward |
32 (22.2) |
101 (18.8) |
0.364 |
| Local CMHT |
21 (14.6) |
62 (11.6) |
0.326 |
| Outpatient clinics in CMHC |
21 (14.6) |
34 (6.3) |
0.001 |
| Support from family and/or friends |
62 (43.1) |
208 (38.8) |
0.355 |
|
Referral route to the CRT: n (%) |
|
|
|
| Emergency referrals |
114 (79.2) |
375 (70.0) |
0.029 |
| Self-referrals |
31 (21.5) |
141 (26.3) |
0.242 |
| Delivered to CRT by the police | 14 (9.7) | 13 (2.4) | < 0.001 |
ap-values from chi-squared tests for categorical variables; t-tests for continuous variables.