Table 4.
Lifetime Comorbidity of DSM-IV/CIDI IED With Other DSM-IV/CIDI Disorders Among 6483 Adolescents in the NCS-Aa
| Disorder | Broadly Definedb
|
Narrowly Definedb,c: Broadly Defined–Onlyb,c
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % (SE)d | % (SE)e | OR (95% CI)f | % (SE)g | % (SE)h | OR (95% CI)i | |
| Fear | ||||||
| Agoraphobia | 9.7 (2.6) | 28.5 (6.1) | 5.1 (2.8–9.2)j | 10.7 (4.1) | 21.2 (6.8) | 1.1 (0.3–4.5) |
| Social phobia | 16.0 (2.9) | 14.7 (2.9) | 2.2 (1.3–3.7)j | 16.6 (4.1) | 10.3 (2.7) | 1.3 (0.5–3.3) |
| Specific phobia | 32.7 (3.5) | 12.8 (1.8) | 2.1 (1.5–2.9)j | 36.0 (3.8) | 9.5 (1.3) | 1.3 (0.7–2.4) |
| Panic disorder | 7.2 (2.2) | 23.3 (6.8) | 3.8 (1.8–7.9)j | 8.6 (2.9) | 18.7 (6.5) | 2.5 (0.3–24.0) |
| Any fear disorder | 46.0 (3.6) | 13.7 (1.8) | 2.6 (2.0–3.5)j | 50.0 (4.5) | 10.1 (1.5) | 1.5 (0.8–2.8) |
| Distress | ||||||
| Major depression or dysthymia | 21.6 (2.2) | 9.1 (1.2) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 23.0 (3.1) | 6.5 (1.0) | 1.5 (0.7–3.2) |
| Generalized anxiety disorder | 2.6 (1.0) | 6.3 (2.5) | 0.7 (0.3–1.7) | 3.1 (1.4) | 5.2 (2.3) | 2.6 (0.5–14.5) |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 6.5 (2.0) | 10.8 (3.1) | 1.4 (0.7–2.8) | 6.4 (3.2) | 7.2 (3.3) | 0.7 (0.1–7.1) |
| Separation anxiety disorder | 12.9 (2.6) | 13.3 (2.5) | 1.9 (1.1–3.1) | 13.6 (4.5) | 9.5 (2.8) | 1.1 (0.2–5.4) |
| Any distress disorder | 34.3 (2.8) | 10.4 (1.2) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0)j | 35.9 (4.9) | 7.3 (1.1) | 1.4 (0.5–3.4) |
| Substance use | ||||||
| Alcohol abuse or dependence | 8.1 (1.7) | 10.3 (2.4) | 1.3 (0.7–2.4) | 10.2 (2.5) | 8.8 (2.2) | 2.7 (0.9–7.7) |
| Drug abuse or dependence | 14.4 (2.8) | 12.7 (2.7) | 1.8 (1.0–3.1)j | 17.4 (3.8) | 10.3 (2.3) | 2.2 (1.0–4.8) |
| Any substance disorder | 17.1 (3.0) | 11.7 (2.2) | 1.6 (1.0–2.7) | 21.1 (4.1) | 9.7 (1.9) | 2.8 (1.2–6.4)j |
| Any disorder | ||||||
| ≥1 Disorder | 63.9 (3.9) | 11.3 (1.4) | 2.4 (1.6–3.5)j | 68.5 (4.6) | 8.2 (1.1) | 1.9 (0.9–4.0) |
| 1 Disorder | 27.7 (3.3) | 9.3 (1.6) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 27.4 (3.3) | 6.2 (1.1) | 1.2 (0.5–2.8) |
| 2 Disorders | 19.3 (2.4) | 13.4 (2.1) | 2.0 (1.4–2.8)j | 22.2 (3.4) | 10.4 (2.1) | 1.7 (0.8–3.4) |
| ≥3 Disorders | 16.9 (2.5) | 13.4 (2.1) | 1.9 (1.3–2.9)j | 18.9 (4.2) | 10.1 (2.1) | 1.3 (0.4–4.9) |
| No. of cases in the analysis | 6483 | 474 | ||||
Abbreviations: CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview; IED, intermittent explosive disorder; NCS-A, National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement; OR, odds ratio.
Lifetime history of disruptive behavior disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, oppositional defiant disorder, or conduct disorder with overt features, was an exclusion criteria for IED. This rule artificially rules out the possibility of comorbidity between IED and disruptive behavior disorders. See the “Methods” section for details.
Narrowly defined, 3 or more annual attacks in at least 1 year of life, including physical assault or property damage; broadly defined–only, 3 or more lifetime attacks either without ever having as many as 3 attacks in a single year or 3 or more annual attacks in at least 1 year but attacks only involved threatening someone; broadly defined (includes all IED cases), narrowly defined or broadly defined–only.
Narrowly defined: broadly defined–only, comparing lifetime narrowly defined with lifetime broadly defined–only by restricting the sample to cases with either of these 2 definitions and treating lifetime broadly defined–only as the reference category.
Prevalence of the row variables among the column variables. For example, in the first row, % represents the percentage of cases among lifetime broadly defined IED with agoraphobia.
Prevalence of broadly defined IED among the row variables. For example, in the first row, % represents the percentage of cases of lifetime broadly defined IED among those with lifetime agoraphobia.
Bivariate logistic regression models controlling for age, sex, race, region, urbanicity, parent educational level, number of biological parents, birth order, and number of siblings to predict lifetime broadly defined IED with other DSM-IV disorders.
Prevalence of the row variables among lifetime narrowly defined IED. For example, in the first row, % represents the percentage of cases among lifetime narrowly defined IED with agoraphobia.
Prevalence of narrowly defined IED among the row variables. For example, in the first row, % represents the percentage of cases of lifetime narrowly defined IED among those with lifetime agoraphobia.
Bivariate logistic regression models controlling for age, sex, race, region, urbanicity, parent educational level, number of biological parents, birth order, and number of siblings to predict lifetime narrowly defined IED with other DSM-IV disorders. Subsample is restricted to cases with either lifetime narrowly defined IED or lifetime broadly defined–only IED; lifetime broadly defined–only IED is the excluded category.
Significant at P < .05, 2-sided test, controlling for age, sex, race, region, urbanicity, parent educational level, number of biological parents, birth order, and number of siblings.