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Proposed role of IL-1β in our model. IL-1β transgene expression acts on the resident microglia and astrocytes, leading to their activation, which in turn triggers a positive feedback loop of IL-1β production and neuroinflammation. Microglial activation may aid in amyloid clearance. The local inflammatory milieu also leads to activation of kinase pathways that may directly or indirectly result in enhanced tau phosphorylation. Questions for future investigation are indicated.
