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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomech Model Mechanobiol. 2012 Dec 25;12(6):1073–1088. doi: 10.1007/s10237-012-0463-y

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Displacement boundary conditions for confined compression (CC), unconfined compression (UCC), and uniaxial tension (UT) FEAs. Due to model assumptions (see text), a single element is used with static boundary conditions. The articular surface is defined with outward normal in the +3 direction (i.e. the top surface). Arrows show directions of applied displacements on surfaces with outward normal in the +3, +3, and +2 directions for CC, UCC, and UT, respectively. Reference and deformed configurations are shown as solid and dashed lines, respectively. For CC, surfaces with outward normals in the ±1, ±2, and +3 directions are constrained in the 1 and 2 directions, and surface with outward normal in the −3 direction is constrained in all directions. For UCC and UT, surfaces with outward normals in the −1, −2, and −3 directions are constrained in the 1, 2, and 3 directions, respectively.