Table 2.
C4d staining in tubular epithelium and association with histopatholgy and albuminuria in IgA nephropathy
| T-C4d‡ | Grade, N (%) | p-value† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammation | 0 | 1+ | 2+ | 3+ | Total | 0.066 |
| C4d (+) | 8 (38.1%) | 1 (4.8%) | 1 (4.8%) | 1 (4.8%) | 11 (52.4%) | |
| C4d (-) | 3 (14.3%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (28.6%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (47.6%) | |
| Fibrosis | 0 | 1+ | 2+ | 3+ | Total | 0.124 |
| C4d (+) | 9 (42.9%) | 2 (9.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (52.4%) | |
| C4d (-) | 4 (19.0%) | 5 (23.8%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4.8%) | 10 (47.6%) | |
| Blood vessel | Unremarkable | Thickening | Total | 0.183 | ||
| C4d (+) | 9 (42.9%) | 2 (9.5%) | 11 (52.4%) | |||
| C4d (-) | 5 (23.8%) | 5 (23.8%) | 10 (47.6%) | |||
| WHO classification | I | II | III | IV | Total | 0.014 |
| C4d (+) | 3 (14.3%) | 8 (38.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 11 (52.4%) | |
| C4d (-) | 1 (4.8%) | 3 (14.3%) | 5 (23.8%) | 1 (4.8%) | 10 (47.6%) | |
| Albuminuria | 0 | 1+ | 2+ | 3+ | Total | 0.173 |
| C4d (+) | 6 (28.6%) | 2 (9.5%) | 2 (9.5%) | 1 (4.8%) | 11 (52.4%) | |
| C4d (-) | 1 (4.8%) | 2 (9.5%) | 5 (23.8%) | 2 (9.5%) | 10 (47.6%) | |
Inflammation and fibrosis score in inerstitium: (0) negative, (1+) mild, (2+) moderate, (3+) severe. Albuminuria score: (0) < 15 mg/dL, (1+) 15 mg/dL-30 mg/dL, (2+) 30 mg/dL-100 mg/dL, (3+) > 100 mg/dL.
†
Calculated by Fisher’s exact tests or Pearson chi-square tests.
‡
T-C4d: tubular epithelial C4d staining.
Missing data and obscure cases of C4d staining were excluded from the analysis.