Table 1.

aPA was assessed objectively and affective states were assessed electronically.

Reference	Aim of the study	Sample	Procedures	Measurements		Results
				Physical activity	Affective states
Axelson et al. (2003)	Pilot study: testing feasibility to perform ambulatory assessment with symptomatic patients with pediatric disorders	16 Children with affective disorders (major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, bipolar disorders) + 5 healthy controls, 9 girls, 12 boys, 10–17 years (M = 14.4; SD = 1.6)	Five extended weekends, Pbn received telephone calls – 12 calls between 4:00 p.m. (Friday) and 10:00 p.m. (Monday)	Self-report + accelerometer: ActiGraph, on wrist, 60 s epoch	Subset of PANAS-C, four positive (happy, joyful, exited, energetic) and four negative items (sad, angry, nervous, upset)	Performing ambulatory assessment for real-time experience sampling is feasible in symptomatic patients with pediatric affective disorders. Statistical analyses were not performed
Dunton et al. (2011)	To determine whether leisure time physical activity levels and experiences differ across social and physical contexts among children	121 Children (62 male), 9–13 years	4 days (Friday 4:00 p.m. to Monday 8:30 p.m. – not during school hours) random time within seven pre-established intervals, mobile phone, electronic diary	Accelerometer: ActiGraph (7164 GT2M), right hip, 30 s epoch	Electronic diary; positive affect: happy + joyful, negative affect: sad, angry, stressed, anxious	Affect differed during physical activity across physical and social contexts: greater ratings of positive affect when physically active outdoors, greater ratings of negative affect when physically active alone and with family only
Grossman et al. (2008)	To compare activity and mood between post-treatment breast cancer patients and matched control females	33 Post-treatment breast cancer patients + 33 healthy controls, age: M = 51.2; SD = 10.2	One weekday, every 50 min during awake hours	Accelerometer: LifeShirt	Electronic diary; mood (happy, sad, angry, anxious)	Activity did not differ between groups. Cancer patients were less happy across the day than healthy controls. Averaged accelerometry activity was correlated with mean self-reported energy and happiness
Kanning et al. (2012)	To analyze the effect of actual physical activity, autonomous regulation mode, and their interaction on affective states	44 University students (21 female), age: M = 26.2; SD = 3.2	One weekday, every 45 min between 8:00 a.m. and 10:00 p.m.	Accelerometer: Varioport-e, right hip, 60 s epoch	Electronic diary; short scale; six bipolar adjectives measuring valence, energetic arousal, and calmness	Actual physical activity, autonomous regulation mode, and their interaction significantly influenced affective states
Powell et al. (2009)	To explore the associations of negative and positive affect with activity levels using ecological momentary assessment	25 Individuals (36% female), 46–85 years old (M = 71.4) who had undergone total joint replacement of either knee or hip 12 months earlier	2-day study, diary sounded an alarm every 90–120 min from 9:00 a.m. until the participants went to bed	Self-report: computerized diary records, objective activity assessment: accelerometer: Vitaport 3, on trunk (lower part of sternum) and thighs	Electronic diary; positive affect; cheerful, negative affect; irritable, depressed, anxious, frustrated; PANAS on the following day	Walking time and dynamic activity was associated with lower negative affect. More activity was also associated with higher positive affect, however only the correlation of self-reported walking time with PANAS positive affect reached significance
Schwerdtfeger et al. (2008)	Is there a correlation between everyday life physical activity and psychological well-being?	124 Volunteers (64 females), 18–73 years old M = 31.67, SD = 12.56; BMI: M = 23.23; SD = 3.14	12 h Study on a typical workday, averaged bodily movement across four time windows (1, 1–5, 1–15, 1–30 min before assessment of affect)	Accelerometer: ActiGraph (GT1M), on left ankle	Electronic diary; adopted version (German version) of PANAS and AD-ACL to assess positive and negative affect	Daily physical activity episodes were associated with positive affective states not with negative affective states
Schwerdtfeger et al. (2010)	To examine whether momentarily assessed affect and bodily movement in everyday life are mutually associated	124 Volunteers (64 females), 18–73 years old M = 31.67, SD = 12.56; BMI: M = 23.23; SD = 3.14	12 h Study on a typical workday, averaged bodily movement across four time windows (1, 1–5, 1–15, 1–30 min before and after assessment of affect)	Accelerometer: ActiGraph (GT1M), on left ankle	Electronic diary; adopted version (German version) of PANAS and AD-ACL to assess positive and negative affect	Affective states and physical activity in every day life were mutually associated