Table 2.

Inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis.

Cytokines	Chemokines	Growth factors	Adipokines	Prostaglandins/leukotrienes
IL-1 [Dingle et al. 1979; Goldring et al. 1988; Pfander et al. 2004]	Chemerin [Huss et al. 2010]	TGFβ [Blaney Davidson et al. 2007]	Adiponectin [Conde et al. 2011]	PGE2 [Martel-Pelletier et al. 2003]
IL-6 [Kaneko et al. 2000]	IL-8 [Chauffier et al. 2012; Kaneko et al. 2000]	VEGF [Haywood et al. 2003]	Leptin [Dumond et al. 2003]	LTB4 [Wittenberg et al. 1993]
IL-15 [Scanzello et al. 2009]	MCP-1 [Vangsness et al. 2011]		Resistin [Choe et al. 2012]
IL-18 [Olee et al. 1999]	MIP-1α [Hsu et al. 2004; Vangsness et al. 2011]		Visfatin [Chen et al. 2010; Gosset et al. 2008]
TNFα [Saklatvala, 1986]	RANTES [Hsu et al. 2004]

IL, interleukin; LTB4, leukotriene B4; MCP, monocyte chemotactic protein; MIP-1, macrophage inflammatory protein; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; RANTES, regulated and normal T-cell expressed and secreted; TGFβ, transforming growth factor β; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.