Electropherograms depicting how the duration, Δtinj, and voltage magnitude, ΔVinj, of gated injection influence the lipid (10 μM NBD-PA in 10 mM TBA-TPhB/NMF) band observed 400 μm downstream in the separation channel. (a) Series of NBD-PA bands injected at 50 V for 1, 3, 5 and 10 s. (b) Series of NBD-PA bands injected for 1 s at 10, 50, 100 and 200 V. In both experiments, Esep = 212 V cm−1. (Online version in colour.)