Table 1.

Covarying traits in macaque societies. A number of behavioural traits appear to vary in a correlated way along a scale ranging from low to high social tolerance [39,47–55].

behavioural traits	lower social tolerance	higher social tolerance
hierarchical steepness	+	–
proportion of conflicts involving counter-aggression	–	+
proportion of conflicts involving biting	+	–
development of formal submission signals	+	–
appropriating resources from subordinates	+	–
development of cooperative behaviours	–	+
conciliatory tendency	–	+
rate of affiliative contacts	–	+
degree of mother permissiveness	–	+
amount of allomothering behaviour	–	+
rate of immature interference in matings	–	+
rate and cooperative patterning of social play	–	+
degree of kin preference among females	+	–
rules of female rank inheritance	+	–
rate of male dispersal	+	–
coalitions between males	–	+
centrality of top-ranking males	+	–
reactive temperament	+	–