Figure 1.

Limitations in consistent and inconsistent electromechanical models. The major potential causes for a mismatch between in vivo cardiac function and the electromechanical model are indicated in red. (a) An example inspired by a recent inconsistent electromechanical model. This model integrates data from several species, and from cellular experiments performed at low temperatures. This creates significant potential for the resulting model not to match experimental data. Furthermore, the different species makes it difficult to state what hypothesis the final model represents and what data the model should be able to reproduce. (b) Our approach to mouse modelling. By creating models based on consistent data, the final model represents a virtual mouse heart at body temperature. However, there remains a potential cause for an incorrect prediction in factors by which the heart and the rest of the body affect individual cardiac myocytes, which can be missing in measurements of in vitro cellular data.