Table 3.
AAII (n = 50) | AA (n = 50) | ANCOVA | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Pre-test | Post-test | Improvement | Pre-test | Post-test | Improvement | |
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | F | |
Searching for knowledge | 11.54 (4.63) | 18.54 (2.94) | 7.00 (5.13)a∗∗ | 13.54 (4.68) | 15.46 (4.89) | 1.92 (3.06)a∗∗ | 32.67** |
Expression of emotions | 24.66 (6.53) | 28.50 (4.93) | 3.84 (5.09)a∗∗ | 29.58 (5.57) | 29.02 (6.37) | −0.56 (4.59)a | 7.49* |
Seeking assistance | 16.68 (4.21) | 19.08 (3.34) | 2.40 (3.30)a∗∗ | 18.88 (4.40) | 18.66 (4.15) | −0.22 (3.31)a | 8.77* |
Control over external factors | 20.52 (5.65) | 26.06 (5.71) | 5.54 (5.90)a∗∗ | 23.68 (7.48) | 24.62 (7.03) | 0.94 (3.96)a | 14.52** |
Resource utilization | 47.64 (11.29) | 62.12 (16.11) | 14.48 (15.63)a∗∗ | 57.20 (10.69) | 58.00 (10.87) | 0.80 (6.52)a | 18.02** |
Self-control being | 14.86 (5.07) | 19.32 (5.01) | 4.46 (4.76)a∗∗ | 16.12 (4.88) | 17.50 (3.86) | 1.38 (4.18)a∗ | 10.55* |
Internet information | 14.34 (5.65) | 27.16 (5.47) | 12.82 (7.16)a∗∗ | 19.64 (7.44) | 21.14 (5.50) | 1.50 (6.20)a | 50.67** |
| |||||||
Total score | 150.24 (30.94) | 200.78 (32.25) | 50.54 (30.16)a∗∗ | 178.64 (28.60) | 184.40 (28.27) | 5.76 (18.80)a∗ | 46.92** |
aWithin-group differences
*P < 0.05.
**P < 0.001.