Table 1.
Age-dependent differences in systemic immunity to L. monocytogenes.
| Effector | Role in listeriosis | Neonatal mouse | Neonatal human |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neutrophils | Chemotaxis | ? | Decreased |
| Extracellular bacteria killing | ? | ? | |
|
| |||
| Resident tissue macrophages | Production of chemokines | ? | ? |
| Production of TNFα, IL-12p70, IL-18 | Reduced IL-12p70 | Reduced IL-12p70 | |
|
| |||
| Monocytes | Chemotaxis to infection site | Reduced | Reduced |
| Differentiation to TipDCs and macrophages | ? | ? | |
|
| |||
| Dendritic cells (DCs) | Antigen presentation | Reduced | ? |
| Production of IL-12p70 | Reduced | Reduced | |
|
| |||
| −CD8α+ DCs | Bacterial transport to PALS | ? | ? |
|
| |||
| −TNFα+ iNOS + DC (TipDC) | Production of TNFα, iNOS | ? | ? |
|
| |||
| NK cells | Production of IFNγ | ? | ? |
|
| |||
| CD4+ T cells | CD8 + Priming | ? | ? |
| Cytokine production | Reduced | Reduced | |
|
| |||
| CD8+ T cells | Bystander production of IFNγ | ? | ? |