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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 May 10.
Published in final edited form as: J Control Release. 2013 Feb 26;167(3):221–227. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.02.007

Figure 4. Mechanism of 5-ALA prodrug-induced cell death.

Figure 4

Representative microscopic images of untreated (top) and treated (bottom) MPanc96-CTSE cells, illustrating apoptotic and necrotic cell damage that occurred during PDT. The images indicate that apoptosis is the primary mechanism of cell death. Cells were stained with both Yo-Pro (apoptosis) and PI (necrosis) immediately after PDT.