Table 2.

Summary of outcome measures and associated variables

Temporal dynamics during steady-state conditions	Physiological measure	Testing methods	Outcome variable
	Heart rate (HR)	Beat-to-beat variation measured using ECG for a 30 minute during seated quiet resting	HR complexity*
	Standing balance	Center of pressure dynamics during quiet standing with eyes open	COP complexity
	Gait	Stride–to-stride interval at preferred speed during a 20 minute period	Stride complexity
Adaptive capacity	Heart rate	Sit to stand test	Max change in heart rate
	Standing balance	Eyes closed Cognitive dual task	Change in COP complexity Change in magnitude of COP displacement
	Gait	Cognitive dual task	Change in average stride variability
Function and HRQOL	Exercise capacity	Max walking speed	m/sec
	Musculoskeletal strength/power	Lower extremity power (Jump test) Grip strength (dynamometer)	Maximum height of jump(cm) kg
	Clinical balance	Single leg balance with eyes open and closed	Maximum time on balance
	Range of motion	Goniometry of lower extremity (hips, knees, ankles bilaterally) Sit and reach test (back and leg flexibility)	Degrees of motion cm
	Mood	Profile of Mood States	Indices of 6 domains of mood
	Cognitive function	Trail Making Test A and B Controlled Oral Word Association Test Backwards Digit Span Test	Time to complete test (sec) Number of words recalled/min Number of digit sequences correctly repeated
	HRQOL	SF-36	Indices of physical and mental health in 8 domains
	Physical activity	Physical Activity Status Scale	Index of physical activity during prior week
Protocol adherence	Tai Chi training	Teacher reported class attendance records Self-reported home practice logs	Numbers of classes/month Hours of home practice/month
Additional screening instruments	Cognitive function	Mini-mental state exam	Index reflecting 5 domains of cognitive health