Table 1.

VACTERL-H

Feature	Definition
V	vertebral anomalies
A	anal atresia
C	cardiac anomalies
T	tracheal-esophageal fistula
E*	esophageal atresia, also duodenal atresia
R	renal structural anomalies
L	limb anomalies, essentially radii and/or thumbs
H	hydrocephalus

^*Some studies include esophageal atresia with tracheal-esophageal fistula, while others score these anomalies separately, and still others include duodenal atresia with esophageal, as we have done.