Table 1.

Comparison of mean serum and plasma concentrations of inflammatory markers

Time	Vitamin D3a	Placeboa	P-valueb	P-valuec
IL-1βd, pg/ml
Baseline	1.95 (1.32)	2.44 (1.17)	0.48
1 week	1.27 (0.74)	2.76 (1.08)	0.18
12 weeks	2.47 (1.73)	4.74 (3.69)	0.15
IL-6d, pg/ml
Baseline	38.63 (9.60)	34.38 (6.76)	0.85	0.50
1 week	13.72** (2.35)	29.41 (7.20)	0.09	0.09
12 weeks	22.65 (4.34)	36.62 (7.46)	0.21	0.11
IL-8, pg/ml
Baseline	34.64 (1.07)	41.40 (2.79)	0.03	0.05
1 week	34.51 (0.84)	40.24 (1.96)	0.07	0.13
12 weeks	39.59* (1.88)	48.54** (4.28)	0.003	0.01
IL-10d, pg/ml
Baseline	42.03 (21.17)	28.54 (5.56)	0.99
1 week	30.01 (11.22)	29.62 (5.80)	0.73
12 weeks	49.92 (28.89)	37.24* (11.22)	0.40
IL-18-1BP, pg/ml
Baseline	2.64 (0.16)	2.77 (0.18)	0.57
1 week	2.65 (0.14)	2.80 (0.18)	0.57
12 weeks	2.50 (0.12)	2.92 (0.20)	0.11
TNF-α
Baseline	55.67 (8.18)	69.52 (7.50)	0.18	0.41
1 week	52.13 (5.62)	67.48 (7.92)	0.13	0.34
12 weeks	27.62** (5.82)	68.54 (8.61)	0.0003	0.0049
NGAL
Baseline	79.65 (1.71)	78.56 (2.18)	0.77
1 week	76.11 (2.84)	76.85 (1.81)	0.88
12 weeks	71.64* (3.13)	74.95 (4.01)	0.39
LL-37d
Baseline	73.10 (7.40)	192.60 (46.50)	0.003
1 week	128.10 (33.80)	174.60 (28.40)	0.17
12 weeks	142.60 (45.90)	135.30 (28.80)	0.67

Abbreviations: IL, interleukin; BP, binding protein; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; NGAL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. Mean concentrations at baseline, 1 week and 12 weeks in CF adults hospitalized with a pulmonary exacerbation randomized to either a single oral 250 000 IU dose of cholecalciferol or placebo.

^*Within-group comparison, P-value <0.05, compared with baseline.

^**Within-group comparison, P-value <0.01, compared with baseline.

^aUnadjusted mean from mixed model (s.e.m).

^bUnadjusted P-value comparing means from mixed model.

^cAdjusted for forced expiratory volume in one second, % of predicted, CFRD, pancreatic insufficiency and age.

^dVariable was log-transformed before inclusion in model.