Longitudinal bioluminescence imaging of human ES cells implanted intramuscularly in mice demonstrating that triple-costimulatory blockade therapy (COSTIM) administered at days 0, 2, 4, and 6 prevented rejection of human ES cells. COSTIM refers to a combination of CTLA4-Ig, anti-LFA-1, and anti-CD40L. COSTIM was remarkably more efficient than monotherapy with anti-LFA-1, CTLA4-Ig, or anti-CD40L. Reprint with permission.82