Fig. 3.

Measurement of somite-trunk length at somite stages. (A) Shortening of the body axis, the most prominent defect observed in ciliary mutant and morphant embryos at somitic stages, is quantified by labeling of somite stage embryos with markers of somites and notochord, and anterior/posterior markers. Embryo trunk length is measured as the distance from the first to the last somite (bar). (B) BBS1 morpholino knockdown and rescue by wild-type mRNA. For each injection treatment, the trunk lengths of groups of embryos are measured; the observed lengths are normally distributed. Defects in ciliary function, shown here by treatment with bbs1 morpholino, produce shorter body axes compared to controls, and the morphant phenotype can be rescued by co-injection of BBS1 wild-type mRNA. (For color version of this figure, the reader is referred to the web version of this book.)