. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Sex Roles. 2012 Mar 16;67(1-2):17–28. doi: 10.1007/s11199-012-0137-3

Table 1.

Means (and Standard Deviations) of Parents’ Time Constraints, Socioeconomic Resources, and Cultural Orientations

	Congruent traditional	Congruent egalitarian	Incongruent labor
Mothers’ work hours	24.41 (22.95)_^a	37.50 (17.03)_^b	25.21 (22.40)_^a
Fathers’ work hours	49.92 (15.45)_^a	52.63 (15.80)_^a^b	56.63 (16.57)_^b
Parental differences in work hours¹	25.51 (26.41)_^a^b	15.13 (25.62)_^a	31.15 (27.72)_^b
Mothers’ education (years)	8.83 (3.93)_^a	11.55 (3.24)_^b	11.32 (3.18)_^b
Fathers’ education (years)	8.07 (4.31)_^a	11.42 (3.38)_^b	11.03 (4.26)_^b
Parental differences in education¹	-.77 (3.74)_^a	-.13 (2.74)_^a	-.29 (3.57)_^a
Mothers’ incomes ($)	7,743 (11,694)_^a	21,537 (17,393)_^b	11,907 (16,228)_^a
Fathers’ incomes ($)	31,423 (23,252)_^a	41,308 (29,143)_^a^b	42,733 (24,670)_^b
Parental differences in incomes¹	23,680 (25,779)_^a^b	19,771 (28,587)_^a	30,826 (26,325)_^b
Mothers’ Mexican orientations	4.20 (.57)_^a	3.64 (.85)_^b	4.05 (.66)_^a
Fathers’ Mexican orientations	4.15 (.63)_^a	3.54 (.94)_^b	3.84 (.79)_^b
Mothers’ Anglo orientations	2.62 (.89)_^a	3.28 (1.05)_^b	3.02 (.86)_^b
Fathers’ Anglo orientations	2.69 (.84)_^a	3.41 (.86)_^b	3.06 (.90)_^b

Note. A one-way MANOVA indicated that the groups were significantly different in terms of the combined function of the variables included in the Table, p < .01.

Scores on parents’ Mexican and Anglo orientations represent item averages (range = 1-5).

Computed as fathers’ minus mothers’ scores, such that negatively signed scores signify mothers scoring higher as compared to fathers and positively signed scores signify fathers scoring higher as compared to mothers.

Scores with different subscripts within row are significantly different, p < .05.