. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Sex Roles. 2012 Mar 16;67(1-2):17–28. doi: 10.1007/s11199-012-0137-3

Table 3.

Means (and Standard Deviations) of Youths’ Gendered Behaviors and Attitudes

	Congruent traditional	Congruent egalitarian	Incongruent labor
Time (minutes) on housework
Girls	397.17 (245.16)_^x	280.52 (142.13)_^x	306.27 (131.35)_^x
Boys	173.81 (111.64)_^y	230.13 (135.70)_^x	165.98 (94.14)_^y
Time (minutes) with mothers versus fathers¹
Girls	416.42 (345.55)_^x	143.29 (300.88)_^x	366.88 (388.85)_^x
Boys	-101.49 (313.90)_^y	29.37 (312.73)_^x	11.98 (339.80)_^y
Gender role attitudes	2.30 (.53)_^a	1.90 (.54)_^b	1.99 (.54)_^b

Note. A one-way MANOVA indicated that the groups were significantly different in terms of the combined function of the variables included in the Table, p < .01.

Scores on youths’ gender role attitudes represent item averages (range = 1-4).

Computed as time with mothers minus time with fathers, such that negatively signed scores signify youths spending more time with fathers than with mothers and positively signed scores signify youths spending more time with mothers than with fathers.

Scores were compared between girls and boys from different families, and different subscripts within column are significantly different, p < .05.

Scores with different subscripts within row are significantly different, p < .05.