Table 1.
Number of mosquitoes caught by different sampling methods for 240 trap nights each and their relative rates in reference to the indoor human landing catches, as determined by fitting generalized linear mixed modelsa
|
Sampling method |
Catchb |
Relative sensitivity c |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Mean [95% CI] | RR [95% CI] | P value | |
|
Anopheles quadriannulatus |
|
|
|
|
| HLC indoor |
405 |
1.687 [1.531, 1.860] |
1.00d |
NAe |
| HLC outdoor |
242 |
1.004 [0.885, 1.139] |
0.597 [0.509, 0.700] |
< 0.001 |
| CDC light trap |
784 |
3.267 [3.046, 3.504] |
1.873 [1.653, 2.122] |
0.997 |
| Ifakara tent trap – C |
21 |
0.088 [0.057, 0.134] |
0.050 [0.032, 0.078] |
< 0.001 |
| Window exit trap |
1 |
0.004 [0.001, 0.030] |
0.002 [0.000, 0.015] |
< 0.001 |
| Resting boxes indoor |
0 |
NEf |
NEf |
NEf |
| Resting boxes outdoor |
2 |
0.008 [0.002, 0.033] |
0.004 [0.001, 0.016] |
< 0.001 |
|
Anopheles funestus |
|
|
|
|
| HLC indoor |
1749 |
7.287 [6.954, 7.637] |
1.00d |
NAe |
| HLC outdoor |
1635 |
6.784 [6.463, 7.121] |
0.928 [0.868, 0.993] |
< 0.001 |
| CDC light trap |
2630 |
10.958 [10.547, 11.385] |
1.532 [1.441, 1.628] |
< 0.001 |
| Ifakara tent trap – C |
1410 |
5.875 [5.576, 6.190] |
0.821 [0.765, 0.881] |
< 0.001 |
| Window exit trap |
71 |
0.296 [0.234, 0.373] |
0.040 [0.032, 0.051] |
< 0.001 |
| Resting boxes indoor |
38 |
0.158 [0.115, 0.218] |
0.022 [0.016, 0.030] |
< 0.001 |
| Resting boxes outdoor |
110 |
0.458 [0.380, 0.553] |
0.063 [0.052, 0.076] |
< 0.001 |
| Other anophelines |
|
|
|
|
| HLC indoor |
1661 |
8.046 [7.695, 8.413] |
1.00d |
NAe |
| HLC outdoor |
2064 |
9.685 [9.300, 10.086] |
1.207 [1.137, 1.287] |
< 0.001 |
| CDC light trap |
661 |
2.754 [2.552, 2.972] |
0.337 [0.308, 0.369] |
< 0.001 |
| Ifakara tent trap – C |
28 |
0.117 [0.081, 0.169] |
0.014 [0.010, 0.021] |
< 0.001 |
| Window exit trap |
7 |
0.029 [0.014, 0.061] |
0.003 [0.002, 0.007] |
< 0.001 |
| Resting boxes indoor |
4 |
0.017 [0.006, 0.044] |
0.002 [0.001, 0.005] |
< 0.001 |
| Resting boxes outdoor |
20 |
0.083 [0.054, 0.129] |
0.010 [0.006, 0.015] |
< 0.001 |
| Culicine species |
|
|
|
|
| HLC indoor |
1971 |
8.296 [7.939, 8.668] |
1.00d |
NAe |
| HLC outdoor |
1921 |
8.033 [7.683, 8.399] |
0.971 [0.912, 1.0349] |
0.349 |
| CDC light trap |
1782 |
7.425 [7.088, 7.778] |
0.871 [0.817, 0.930] |
< 0.001 |
| Ifakara tent trap – C |
369 |
1.538 [1.388, 1.703] |
0.180 [0.161, 0.202] |
< 0.001 |
| Window exit trap |
54 |
0.225 [0.172, 0.294] |
0.025 [0.019, 0.033] |
< 0.001 |
| Resting boxes indoor |
6 |
0.025 [0.011, 0.056] |
0.003 [0.001, 0.006] |
< 0.001 |
| Resting boxes outdoor | 18 | 0.075 [0.047, 0.119] | 0.008 [0.005, 0.013] | < 0.001 |
a As described in the methods section, village, season and treatment were all included as fixed effects while household and date were included as random effects. In sampling An. quadriannulatus, both village and treatment did not significantly affect (P = 0.894 and 0.0845 respectively), the catches of mosquitoes by all methods. The catches of An. funestus were also significantly affected by village (P = 0.004) and treatment (p = 0.011). The catches of other anophelines and culicines were not significantly affected by village (P = 0.268 and 0.265) and treatment (P = 0.717 and 0.721) respectively. The catches of all the mosquito taxa were significantly affected by season (P < 0.001).
b Mean and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by fitting generalised linear mixed models as described above, except that only method, date and house were included in a model without intercept.
c Sensitivity of the sampling method catch with reference to HLC placed indoors (RR indicate Relative Rate).
d Reference method.
e Not applicable.
f Not estimable due to no mosquito catch.