Table 3.
Details of lymphocyte counts at each follow–up time, reported as median values 95%CI and range. Development of lymphocyte and subgroup counts are reported separately for RHA and THA together with the mean 95% CI difference between the groups. The linear regression analysis was adjusted for gender and baseline values, and repeated measures were accounted for by the Cluster option in STATA. The lymphocyte change/year is reported as mean 95% CI, and in the analysis between THA and RHA a negative mean change/year indicates that the decline in lymphocytes was greater for RHA
| Baseline | 8 weeks | 6 month | 1 year | 2 years | Mean change/year | p–value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RHA | ||||||||
| Total lymphocytes | median | 1.65 | 1.54 | 1.64 | 1.54 | 1.66 | –0.05 | 0.5 |
| (×109/L) | 95%CI | 1.31–2.01 | 1.21–1.76 | 1.17–1.81 | 1.38–1.74 | 1.28–1.87 | –0.19 to 0.09 | |
| range | 0.84–2.34 | 0.91–2.77 | 0.76–2.21 | 0.98–3.14 | 0.73–3.01 | |||
| CD3+ (×109/L) | 1.13 | 1.25 | 1.10 | 1.15 | 1.13 | –0.06 | 0.3 | |
| 0.95–1.55 | 0.88–1.35 | 0.85–1.43 | 1.01–1.27 | 0.99–1.35 | –0.18 to 0.07 | |||
| 0.66–1.85 | 0.63–2.08 | 0.57–1.58 | 0.71–2.32 | 0.53–2.37 | ||||
| CD3+CD4+ (×109/L) | 0.74 | 0.73 | 0.66 | 0.73 | 0.76 | –0.05 | 0.3 | |
| 0.59–1.18 | 0.64–1.02 | 0.59–0.94 | 0.67–0.92 | 0.65–0.86 | –0.13 to 0.04 | |||
| 0.47–1.30 | 0.41–1.57 | 0.40–1.18 | 0.50–1.83 | 0.38–1.80 | ||||
| CD3+CD8+ (×109/L) | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.30 | 0.29 | –0.03 | 0.1 | |
| 0.22–0.41 | 0.23–0.49 | 0.21–0.43 | 0.25–0.40 | 0.20–0.41 | –0.08 to 0.01 | |||
| 0.18–0.70 | 0.14–0.73 | 0.15–0.65 | 0.16–0.63 | 0.12–0.61 | ||||
| CD3–CD19+ (×109/L) | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.8 | |
| 0.12–0.27 | 0.13–0.22 | 0.15–0.24 | 0.15–0.23 | 0.14–0.27 | –0.02 to 0.02 | |||
| 0.08–0.41 | 0.09–0.31 | 0.12–0.40 | 0.14–0.39 | 0.10–0.40 | ||||
| CD16+CD56+ (×109/L) | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.01 | 0.4 | |
| 0.08–0.29 | 0.15–0.24 | 0.06–0.26 | 0.11–0.28 | 0.13–0.28 | –0.01 to 0.02 | |||
| 0.05–0.45 | 0.05–0.56 | 0.03–0.59 | 0.05–0.38 | 0.06–0.56 | ||||
| THA | ||||||||
| Total lymphocytes | median | 1.66 | 1.70 | 1.74 | 1.67 | 1.55 | –0.07 | 0.2 |
| (×109/L) | 95%CI | 1.27–2.31 | 1.29–1.96 | 1.07–2.23 | 1.29–1.89 | 1.29–1.90 | –0.18 to 0.04 | |
| range | 0.76–2.52 | 0.68–3.13 | 0.90–3.94 | 0.86–2.57 | 0.53–2.66 | |||
| CD3+ (×109/L) | 1.39 | 1.24 | 1.33 | 1.22 | 1.15 | –0.06 | 0.1 | |
| 0.82–1.59 | 0.97–1.56 | 0.84–1.65 | 0.98–1.51 | 1.06–1.42 | –0.15 to 0.02 | |||
| 0.53–2.16 | 0.43–2.35 | 0.65–3.31 | 0.52–2.16 | 0.42–2.29 | ||||
| CD3+CD4+ (×109/L) | 0.86 | 0.75 | 0.88 | 0.73 | 0.75 | –0.01 | 0.8 | |
| 0.59–0.96 | 0.64–0.98 | 0.66–1.04 | 0.63–0.96 | 0.69–0.97 | –0.09 to 0.07 | |||
| 0.39–1.47 | 0.31–1.87 | 0.40–2.36 | 0.37–1.43 | 0.32–1.61 | ||||
| CD3+CD8+ (×109/L) | 0.41 | 0.37 | 0.45 | 0.37 | 0.35 | –0.04 | 0.02 | |
| 0.26–0.66 | 0.25–0.61 | 0.21–0.66 | 0.24–0.55 | 0.20–0.53 | –0.08 to –0.01 | |||
| 0.11–1.27 | 0.09–0.89 | 0.13–1.50 | 0.11–1.16 | 0.08–0.97 | ||||
| CD3–CD19+ (×109/L) | 0.18 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.8 | |
| 0.12–0.22 | 0.10–0.20 | 0.08–0.24 | 0.10–0.28 | 0.10–0.21 | –0.02 to 0.02 | |||
| 0.04–0.56 | 0.03–0.38 | 0.04–0.61 | 0.03–0.44 | 0.03–0.55 | ||||
| CD16+CD56+ (×109/L) | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.17 | –0.01 | 0.5 | |
| 0.13–0.26 | 0.13–0.25 | 0.11–0.20 | 0.11–0.22 | 0.13–0.22 | –0.03 to 0.01 | |||
| 0.09–0.53 | 0.09–0.52 | 0.08–0.27 | 0.06–0.33 | 0.06–0.34 | ||||
| Difference between THA and RHA | ||||||||
| Total lymphocytes | mean diff. | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.26 | 0.02 | –0.04 | –0.01 | 0.9 |
| (×109/L) | 95%CI | –0.34–0.44 | –0.35–0.44 | –0.26–0.78 | –0.32–0.36 | –0.39–0.31 | –0.17 to 0.16 | |
| CD3+ (×109/L) | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.31 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.9 | |
| –0.26–0.40 | –0.26–0.37 | –0.14–0.76 | –0.25–0.32 | –0.28–0.30 | –0.13 to 0.15 | |||
| CD3+CD4+ (×109/L) | –0.03 | –0.02 | 0.18 | –0.02 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.4 | |
| –0.25–0.20 | –0.24–0.21 | –0.12–0.48 | –0.23–0.18 | –0.21–0.23 | –0.06 to 0.15 | |||
| CD3+CD8+ ×109/L | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.06 | –0.01 | 0.7 | |
| –0.06–0.30 | –0.07–0.21 | –0.06–0.42 | –0.08–0.23 | –0.07–0.20 | –0.06 to 0.04 | |||
| CD19+ (×109/L) | –0.01 | –0.02 | –0.01 | –0.02 | –0.03 | 0.00 | 0.8 | |
| –0.09–0.07 | –0.08–0.05 | –0.12–0.09 | –0.09–0.05 | –0.10–0.05 | –0.02 to 0.03 | |||
| CD16+CD56+ (×109/L) | 0.01 | –0.01 | –0.03 | –0.04 | –0.04 | –0.02 | 0.2 | |
| –0.08–0.10 | –0.09–0.07 | –0.13–0.06 | –0.11–0.03 | –0.11–0.04 | –0.04 to 0.01 |
T–cells: CD3+, CD3+CD4+, and CD3+CD8+. Defend the host cells from infection by recognizing foreign antigens.
B–cells: CD19+. Present antigens and make antibodies against antigens.
NK–cells: CD16+CD56+. Defend host cells from infection by recognizing non–self organisms in an unspecific way.