FIGURE 1.

p97 and its three core adaptors regulate diverse cellular functions. (A) Domain structure of p97 monomer: N-terminal region (yellow), L1 and L2 linker regions (gray), two ATPase cassettes D1 and D2 (green), and the C-terminal tail (blue). (B) p97 homohexamer forms a barrel-like structure that mutually binds one of three core adaptor complexes, Npl4–Ufd1 heterodimer, UBXD1 or p47, and regulates diverse cellular functions as indicated in white boxes. ERAD, endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation; RAD, ribosomal-associated degradation; CAD, chromatin-associated degradation.