Contribution of SPI-19 T6SS to Salmonella intracellular survival. Gentamicin protection assays were performed using RAW264.7 and HD11 macrophages infected with the corresponding wild-type and mutant strains. At 2 and 20 h postuptake, cells were lysed and intracellular bacteria were determined as described in Materials and Methods. Data correspond to the averages from at least three independent assays performed in triplicate. Bars represent mean values, and error bars denote standard deviations. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences (*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001) between each mutant and the wild type as determined by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's posttest.