Table 5.
Renal function markers and serum electrolyte concentrations before and at the end of Ramadan, M ± SD
| Group |
Ramadan effect |
Group effect |
Ramadan × group effect |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F(1,14) | P-value | ηp2 | F(1,14) | P-value | ηp2 | F(1,14) | P-value | ηp2 | ||||
| Urea (mmol•l-1) |
FAST |
4.55 ± 0.33 |
4.72 ± 0.39** |
15.05 |
0.002 |
0.52 |
0.06 |
0.81 |
0.004 |
1.35 |
0.26 |
0.08 |
| [CV = 5.7%]a |
FED |
4.43 ± 0.18 |
4.76 ± 0.19* |
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| Creatinine (μmol•l-1) |
FAST |
89.87 ± 3.18 |
94.12 ± 4.26* |
15 |
0.002 |
0.51 |
1.17 |
0.3 |
0.07 |
0.1 |
0.76 |
0.01 |
| [CV = 3%] |
FED |
87.32 ± 5.32 |
92.62 ± 3.78* |
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| Uric acid (μmol•l-1) |
FAST |
309.75 ± 68.96 |
356.75 ± 63.86*** |
22.4 |
<0.001 |
0.61 |
1.21 |
0.28 |
0.08 |
0 |
0.99 |
0 |
| [CV = 2.8%] |
FED |
279 ± 56.07 |
326.12 ± 44.73* |
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| Creatinine clearance |
FAST |
129.27 ± 9.02 |
125.09 ± 11.97 |
5.36 |
0.04 |
0.27 |
0.008 |
0.93 |
0.0005 |
0.19 |
0.67 |
0.01 |
| (ml•min-1) |
FED |
130.61 ± 6.86 |
124.46 ± 7.96 |
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| Sodium (mmol•l-1) |
FAST |
142.25 ± 2.71 |
144.25 ± 1.16* |
17.9 |
<0.001 |
0.56 |
0.2 |
0.64 |
0.01 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
| [CV = 2.7%] |
FED |
142.62 ± 1.41 |
144.62 ± 1.68* |
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| Potassium (mmol•l-1) |
FAST |
4.49 ± 0.42 |
4.74 ± 0.55* |
3.09 |
0.1 |
0.18 |
0.02 |
0.9 |
0.001 |
10.66 |
0.006 |
0.43 |
| [CV = 2.8%] |
FED |
4.67 ± 0.37 |
4.6 ± 0.23 |
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| Chloride (mmol•l-1) |
FAST |
102.37 ± 1.68 |
104.25 ± 1.83* |
20.55 |
<0.001 |
0.6 |
0.89 |
0.36 |
0.05 |
0.17 |
0.68 |
0.01 |
| [CV = 2.9%] | FED | 101.5 ± 1.19 | 103.75 ± 2.05** | |||||||||
Significantly different from before Ramadan: * (P < 0.05); ** (P < 0.01); *** (P < 0.001). Note: FAST = subjects training in a fasted state; FED = subjects training in a fed state; a = inter-assay coefficient of variance. Before Ramadan (Bef-R) = 2 days before beginning the fast; end of Ramadan (End-R) = 29 days after beginning the fast.