Table 7.
Cellular damage biomarkers, immunological and inflammatory parameters before and at the end of Ramadan, M ± SD
| Group |
Ramadan effect |
Group effect |
Ramadan × group effect |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F(1,14) | P-value | ηp2 | F(1,14) | P-value | ηp2 | F(1,14) | P-value | ηp2 | ||||
| CK (IU•l-1) |
FAST |
310 ± 83 |
300 ± 94 |
0.26 |
0.62 |
0.01 |
0.17 |
0.69 |
0.01 |
1.05 |
0.32 |
0.06 |
| [CV = 4.7%] a |
FED |
305.5 ± 81.71 |
336 ± 91 |
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| LDH (IU•l-1) |
FAST |
283 ± 50 |
290.5 ± 60.2 |
0.01 |
0.91 |
0 |
0.2 |
0.66 |
0.01 |
1.05 |
0.32 |
0.06 |
| [CV = 4.5%] |
FED |
277 ± 64 |
271 ± 68 |
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| AST (IU•l-1) |
FAST |
26 ± 4. |
28 ± 3 |
0.18 |
0.69 |
0.01 |
0.28 |
0.6 |
0.002 |
0.1 |
0.75 |
0.002 |
| [CV = 4.8%] |
FED |
24 ± 5 |
27 ± 3 |
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| ALT (IU•l-1) |
FAST |
20 ± 3 |
23 ± 5 |
0.42 |
0.53 |
0.002 |
0.18 |
0.69 |
0.001 |
1.58 |
0.56 |
0.003 |
| [CV = 4.3%] |
FED |
22.5 ± 4.31 |
23 ± 4 |
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| PA (IU•l-1) |
FAST |
128 ± 41 |
135 ± 34 |
1.69 |
0.21 |
0.1 |
0.13 |
0.91 |
0 |
0.06 |
0.81 |
0.003 |
| [CV = 4%] |
FED |
124 ± 39 |
134 ± 27 |
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| γ-GT (IU•l-1) |
FAST |
17 ± 3 |
19 ± 3 |
2.05 |
0.17 |
0.12 |
2.75 |
0.12 |
0.16 |
0.38 |
0.55 |
0.03 |
| [CV = 3.8%] |
FED |
20 ± 4 |
21 ± 3 |
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| Total leucocytes (109•l-1) |
FAST |
6.41 ± 1.03 |
6.59 ± 1.18 |
1.37 |
0.26 |
0.02 |
0.12 |
0.73 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
0.84 |
0.004 |
| [CV < 2%] |
FED |
6.8 ± 0.53 |
6.86 ± 0.87 |
|||||||||
| Neutrophils (109•l-1) |
FAST |
3.42 ± 0.61 |
3.58 ± 0.78 |
0.01 |
0.89 |
0.001 |
1.97 |
0.11 |
0.01 |
1.18 |
0.29 |
0.003 |
| [CV < 2%] |
FED |
3.53 ± 0.46 |
3.4 ± 0.51 |
|||||||||
| Lymphocytes (109•l-1) |
FAST |
2.59 ± 0.58 |
2.67 ± 0.52 |
1.8 |
13 |
0.02 |
0.17 |
0.69 |
0..04 |
1.97 |
0.11 |
0.07 |
| [CV < 2%] |
FED |
2.93 ± 0.2 |
3.14 ± 0.28 |
|||||||||
| Monocytes (109•l-1) |
FAST |
0.31 ± 0.16 |
0.28 ± 0.16 |
0.78 |
0.39 |
0.06 |
0.88 |
0.36 |
0.04 |
0.14 |
0.71 |
0.008 |
| [CV < 2%] |
FED |
0.29 ± 0.11 |
0.22 ± 0.13 |
|||||||||
| C-reactive protein (mg•l-1) |
FAST |
6.2 ± 0.9 |
6.1 ± 0.7 |
0.19 |
0.67 |
0.01 |
0.39 |
0.54 |
0.02 |
0.05 |
0.82 |
0.003 |
| [CV = 4.5%] | FED | 6.4 ± 0.9 | 6.3 ± 0.8 | |||||||||
Note: FAST = subjects training in a fasted state; FED = subjects training in a fed state; a = inter-assay coefficient of variance. CK = Creatine kinase, LDH = lactatedehydrogenase, ALT = alanine aminotransferase, AST = aspartate aminotransferase, AP = alkaline phosphatase, γ-GT = γ-glutamyl transferase. Before Ramadan (Bef-R) = 2 days before beginning the fast; end of Ramadan (End-R) = 29 days after beginning the fast.