Table 1.
Characteristics of US adults from national nutrition and time use surveys, 1965-1966 to 2007-2008*
|
National nutrition surveys | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
HFCS |
NFCS |
|
CSFII |
|
CSFII |
|
NHANES |
|
NHANES |
|
| |
1965- 1966 |
1977-1978 |
|
1989-1991 |
|
1994-1996 |
|
2003-2004 |
|
2007-2008 |
|
| (n=4,114) | (n=12,935) | pa | (n=7,750) | p | (n=6,894) | p | (n=3,138) | p | (n=3,734) | p | |
| Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Male |
43.3% |
41.1% |
0.104 |
48.1% |
<0.001 |
49.3% |
<0.001 |
49.1% |
<0.001 |
48.3% |
<0.001 |
| Age group |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 19 - 30 |
28.0% |
36.3% |
<0.001 |
32.4% |
0.167 |
30.1% |
0.640 |
29.5% |
1.000 |
28.6% |
1.000 |
| 31 - 40 |
26.3% |
23.6% |
0.0243 |
30.2% |
0.007 |
30.1% |
0.002 |
24.1% |
0.804 |
22.7% |
0.048 |
| 41 - 50 |
25.6% |
19.8% |
<0.001 |
21.9% |
0.006 |
23.7% |
0.249 |
24.5% |
1.000 |
26.2% |
1.000 |
| 51 - 60 |
20.1% |
20.3% |
1.000 |
15.5% |
<0.001 |
16.1% |
0.001 |
21.9% |
1.000 |
22.5% |
0.437 |
| Income† |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Low |
21.0% |
13.7% |
<0.001 |
12.8% |
<0.001 |
15.3% |
0.005 |
22.9% |
1.000 |
22.7% |
1.000 |
| Middle |
52.7% |
26.7% |
<0.001 |
28.5% |
<0.001 |
28.9% |
<0.001 |
25.9% |
<0.001 |
26.0% |
<0.001 |
| High |
26.3% |
49.6% |
<0.001 |
58.7% |
<0.001 |
55.8% |
<0.001 |
51.2% |
<0.001 |
51.3% |
<0.001 |
|
National time use surveys | |||||||||||
| |
MCTRP |
AUTP |
|
AUTP |
|
NHAPS 1992–1994 and NTDS |
|
ATUS |
|
ATUS |
|
| |
1965- 1966 |
1975-1976 |
|
1985-1986 |
|
1994-1995 |
|
2003-2004 |
|
2007-2008 |
|
| |
(n=1,888) |
(n=3,190) |
pb |
(n=2,391) |
p |
(n=6,291) |
p |
(n=24,382) |
p |
(n=17,282) |
p |
| Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Male |
47.5% |
46.7% |
1.000 |
46.7% |
1.000 |
45.8% |
1.000 |
48.9% |
1.000 |
49.5% |
0.556 |
| Age group |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 19 - 30 |
32.3% |
35.1% |
0.305 |
34.3% |
0.942 |
31.1% |
1.000 |
25.8% |
<0.001 |
26.2% |
<0.001 |
| 31 - 40 |
22.4% |
25.5% |
0.062 |
29.7% |
<0.001 |
29.7% |
<0.001 |
27.0% |
<0.001 |
25.6% |
0.009 |
| 41 - 50 |
26.3% |
18.8% |
<0.001 |
19.1% |
<0.001 |
24.3% |
0.428 |
26.5% |
1.000 |
26.5% |
1.000 |
| 51 - 60 |
19.0% |
20.6% |
1.000 |
16.9% |
0.442 |
14.9% |
<0.001 |
20.6% |
0.549 |
21.7% |
0.046 |
| Income status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Low |
15.9% |
9.9% |
<0.001 |
14.5% |
1.000 |
30.5% |
<0.001 |
21.5% |
<0.001 |
19.9% |
<0.001 |
| Middle |
52.4% |
54.2% |
1.000 |
51.1% |
1.000 |
34.4% |
<0.001 |
49.9% |
0.208 |
46.8% |
<0.001 |
| High | 31.6% | 35.9% | 0.019 | 34.4% | 0.374 | 35.1% | 0.427 | 28.6% | 0.049 | 33.3% | 0.867 |
* Abbreviations: HFCS is the Household Food Consumption Survey, NFCS is the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey, CSFII is Continuing Food Intakes by Individuals, and NHANES is National Health and Nutrition Survey. MCTBRP is the Multinational Comparative Time-Budget Research Project, AUTP is American’s Use of Time Project, NHAPS and NTDS are the National Human Activity Pattern Survey and National Time Diary Study, respectively, and ATUS is the American Time Use Study. Percentages have been adjusted to be nationally representative.
†Income distributions for the dietary and time use surveys cannot be directly compared as income categories in the diet surveys reflect the ratio of family income to poverty (≤130%, 130% to 300%, and ≥ 300%) while income categories in the time use surveys reflect the quantile of respondent income (lowest 25%, middle 50%, and highest 25%).
a Different from the HFCS 1965–1966 (proportions testing).
b Different from the MCTRP 1965–1966, (proportions testing).