. 2013 Apr 23;13:380. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-380

Table 4.

Multivariate logistic regression analyses of factors associated with social conditions, infectious diseases, psychological problems and all three of these outcomes (N = 2526)

Characteristics	Social problems¹	Infectious diseases²	Psychological problems³	Social problems¹, infectious diseases², and psychological problems³
Characteristics	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Age (in years)	1.04 (1.03–1.06)*	1.08 (1.06–1.10)*	1.06 (1.04–1.08)*	1.06 (1.04–1.07)*
Male gender	1.48 (1.19–1.84)*	1.03 (0.80–1.31)	0.65 (0.52–0.80)*	-
Married or cohabiting	0.93 (0.65–1.33)	0.99 (0.70–1.41)	-	-
≥ High school education	-	-	1.04 (0.81–1.32)	-
Having children under 18 years	1.14 (0.86–1.53)	1.40 (1.06–1.84)*	0.86 (0.65–1.12)	1.21 (0.93–1.57)
Self-referral to treatment	1.86 (1.50–2.30)*	1.31 (1.03–1.67)*	1.51 (1.23–1.85)*	1.36 (1.07–1.74)*
Use of alcohol as primary drugs	0.49 (0.29–0.83)*	1.48 (0.49–4.45)	0.66 (0.39–1.12)	1.40 (0.66–2.95)
Use of cannabis as primary drugs	0.47 (0.27–0.82)*	0.55 (0.17–1.82)	0.68 (0.39–1.19)	0.49 (0.20–1.21)
Use of prescription medicines as primary drugs	-	0.62 (0.15–2.63)	-	-
Use of opiates as primary drugs	1.67 (0.99–2.83)	3.89 (1.32–11.46)*	1.11 (0.65–1.90)	3.24 (1.58–6.65)*
Use of stimulants as primary drugs	1.23 (0.72–2.08)	2.76 (0.92–8.20)	1.29 (0.75–2.23)	2.28 (1.10–4.72)*
Use of other drugs as primary drugs ^a	-	-	-	-

* P ≤ 0.05. ^a Others drugs – including hallucinogens, solvents/inhalants, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid and anabolic steroids. Only variables statistically significant in univariate analyses were included in multivariate analyses. OR – odds ratio. CI – confidence interval. ¹Homelessness or unemployment or threats of violence. ²HIV or hepatitis A or hepatitis B or hepatitis C. ³Depressive symptoms or psychological symptoms or suicidal thoughts or suicide attempts.