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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008 Jun 18;17(1):107–113. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.05.009

Fig. 2. Mitochondrial DNA in chondrocytes from OA patients is more sensitive to oxidative stress caused by exposure to ROS or RNS.

Fig. 2

Chondrocytes were exposed to increased concentrations of peroxynitrite (panel A) or xanthine oxidase with hypoxanthine (panel B) for 30 min. Cells were lysed, DNA was isolated and subjected to Southern blot analysis. An Increase in the break frequency indicates that more mtDNA damage has accumulated. The results were obtained from a minimum of 8 independent experiments, and the values represent the mean break frequency ± SEM. * indicates a significant difference (P<0.05) in damage in mtDNA in chondrocytes from OA patients compared to normal donors.