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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Stud Read. 2011 Jun 8;16(2):141–165. doi: 10.1080/10888438.2010.543446

Table 6.

Parameter Estimates for Modified Logistic Growth Models with Grade-Varying Schooling Effect

Letter-Word
Identification		 Passage
Comprehension		 Picture
Vocabulary		 Sound
Awareness
Fixed-Effects
 Intercept Mean 395.06** 421.41** 456.26** 439.35**
 Slope Mean 32.78** 23.04** 11.13** 20.49**
 Curvature (λ) 1.76** .65** 1.46** 1.23**
 Age of Inflection (α) 6.15** 5.94** 2.92** 4.17**
 Schooling Effect 1 (β1 - 1st Year of Pre-K) 3.32 3.95* .39 2.88*
 Schooling Effect 2 (β2 - 2nd Year of Pre-K) .01 −2.51 −.05 3.85**
 Schooling Effect 3 (β3 - Kindergarten) 17.05** 12.43** 2.83** 4.33**
 Schooling Effect 4 (β4 - 1st Grade) 15.94** 15.19** 2.38** 2.77**
 Schooling Effect 5 (β5 - 2nd Grade) −3.46 5.18* .54 --
Random Effects
 Intercept Deviation 25.72** 14.04** 14.30** 13.79**
 Slope Deviation 6.61** 6.14** 4.33** 3.90**
 Intercept/Slope Correlation .39** .61** −.84** −.56**
 Residual Deviance 12.35** 14.09** 6.77** 8.69**
*

Note. indicates a significant parameter at p<.05;

**

indicates a significant parameter at p<.01; Sound Awareness was not administered in 2nd grade.