TABLE 3—
Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth and Health Literacy Score Stratified by Time in United States Among a Somali Refugee Sample in Massachusetts: December 2009–June 2011
| Characteristic | Adjusted RR (95% CI) |
| STOFHLA score,a low vs high | |
| 0–4 y in United States | 0.78 (0.64, 0.96) |
| 5–10 y in United States | 1.37 (1.07, 1.74) |
| Acculturation | |
| Low vs high | 0.94 (0.76, 1.16) |
| Medium vs high | 0.80 (0.67, 0.95) |
| Women vs men | 1.12 (1.01, 1.25) |
| Age, y | |
| 25–44 vs 18–24 | 1.46 (1.27, 1.69) |
| ≥ 45 vs 18–24 | 2.05 (1.76, 2.39) |
| Somali vs Bantu | 1.76 (1.45, 2.13) |
| Education | |
| None vs ≥ high school | 1.29 (1.10, 1.52) |
| < high school vs ≥ high school | 1.07 (0.93, 1.24) |
| Income/mo: ≥ $1000 vs < $1000 | 1.11 (0.98, 1.25) |
| Dental insurance | |
| Medicaid/government/HMO vs none | 0.81 (0.69, 0.96) |
| Private vs none | 0.80 (0.62, 1.03) |
| Dental exam in past y: yes vs no | 1.23 (1.09, 1.38) |
| Treatment in past y: yes vs no | 1.26 (1.12, 1.42) |
| Brush teeth: no vs yes | 1.109 (0.99, 1.24) |
| Use stick brush: no vs yes | 1.20 (1.09, 1.33) |
| PCL | 1.01 (1.01, 1.02) |
| SF12 | |
| PCS | 0.99 (0.99, 1.00) |
| MCS | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; HMO = health maintenance organization; MCS = Mental Component Summary Scale of the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 12-item survey; PCL = Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist–Civilian Version; PCS = Physical Component Summary Scale of the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 12-item survey; RR = rate ratio; SF = Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 12-item survey; STOFHLA = Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults. The sample size was n = 439.
a
Low = 0–22; high = 23–36.